©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
HNF150 Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Major roles of water - Answer✔carries nutrients, solvent, participates in chemical reactions,
shock absorber, body temp regulation, removal of waste
causes of dehydration - Answer✔don't drink enough fluids, diuretics (alcohol, caffeine), eat lots
of salt and sugar
symptoms of dehydration - Answer✔Thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, headache, dizziness, deep
yellow urine. Seizures, low blood pressure, coma are severe dehydration symptoms, BP
decrease, increased pulse
how is water regulated in the body - Answer✔The nervous system and the kidneys act together
to control water in the body, such as making feelings of thirst
sources of water input - Answer✔drinking fluids, eating foods, produced from metabolism
sources of water output - Answer✔perspiration, lung respiration, feces, urine
what is hard water - Answer✔has more minerals overall (Ca and Mg), about 85% of water in US,
leaves deposits
what is soft water - Answer✔less minerals, contains mostly Na, not as palatable
compare the safety regulations of tap and bottled water - Answer✔Tap requires disinfection,
confirms e coli and coliform is banned, they test more frequently for bacteria, they filter
pathogens and viruses, test for organic chemicals more often
water balance - Answer✔comparison of input and output
solvent - Answer✔dissolves solutes
diuretic - Answer✔water pills or foods designed to increase amount of water and salt expelled
as urine
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
electrolytes - Answer✔compounds that separate into ions within water, able to conduct
electrical current
ions - Answer✔charged particles
anions - Answer✔negative charge (chloride)
cations - Answer✔positive charge (Na)
hyponatremia - Answer✔water toxicity, water pulled into cells, causing them to swell,
symptoms: headache, nausea, respiratory arrest
role of minerals in maintaining fluid and electrolytes - Answer✔Mineral salts form electrolytes
which help keep fluids in their proper place and buffer these fluids, which allows all life
processes to take place, sodium and potassium
role of minerals in maintaining acid base - Answer✔act as buffers to maintain the body's fluids
proper pH. It will either gather or release H+ as needed to maintain pH.I
-sodium and phosphorus
decreased bioavailability - Answer✔Phytic acid in wheat grain fiber binds strongly to some
minerals. (enzymes in the yeast improve the mineral bioavailability).
-Oxalic acid in leafy green plants reduces bioavailability (spinach, chard, beet greens).
-Polyphenols(in tea, chocolate, wine) can lower bioavailability of minerals.
increased bioavailability - Answer✔vitamin c increases iron absorb
vitamin d, increases calcium magnesium and phosphorus increase
hcl makes minerals more bioavailable by dissolving
bioavailability - Answer✔the degree to which the amount of an ingested nutrient is absorbed
and is available in the body
phytic acid - Answer✔some whole grain fibers and legumes strongly bind to some minerals,
oxalic acid reduces bioavailability (spinach, chard, beet greens), polyphenols (tea, chocolate,
wine) can lower bioavailability
gastric acidity - Answer✔is when HCl makes minerals more bioavailable by converting to a more
easily absorbed form
trace minerals - Answer✔are often very reactive and toxic in their free form, so they usually
have specific transport proteins to carry them
what are the trace minerals - Answer✔iodine, zinc, fluoride, iron, selenium
2
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
function of iodine - Answer✔needed for thyroid hormones, regulate basal metabolic rate
iodine deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔goiter, cretinism, fetal brain and growth development
cretinism - Answer✔iodine deficiency during pregnancy that causes severe intellectual
disability, loss of hearing and speech, very short stature
function of zinc - Answer✔works with protein to help enzymes, essential to wound healing,
taste, cognitive development, assists in immune function
zinc deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Loss of appetite and sense of taste, delayed growth and
sexual maturation, immune dysfunction: dermatitis and diarrhea, birth defects, and infant
mortality
iodine food sources - Answer✔iodized salt, saltwater seafood, seaweed, dairy
zinc food sources - Answer✔Mollusks, red meat, seafood, nuts, legumes, whole grains
fluoride function - Answer✔thought to promote re-mineralization of tooth enamel
fluoride deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔too much: fluorosis, mottling (spots) on teeth
fluoride food sources - Answer✔Water, tea with fluoride in it, seafood and seaweed
what are the major minerals - Answer✔calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium
function of calcium - Answer✔Regulates blood calcium levels (vitamin D promotes absorption)
99% stored in bones and teeth, bone remodeling & repair, nerve transmission, blood clotting,
blood pressure, muscle contraction and heartbeat
calcium deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Rickets, Osteoporosis - bone loss, osteopenia
calcium food sources - Answer✔spinach, kale, dairy products, orange juice
function of magnesium - Answer✔assists in enzyme function, energy metabolism, affects
metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D, protein formation, muscular relaxation,
provides resistance to tooth decay
magnesium deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Irregular heartbeat, weakness, muscle spasms,
disorientation, nausea, seizures, possible impaired nerve function, risk of osteoporosis
magnesium food sources - Answer✔Found in green leafy vegetables, squash, beans, nuts,
grains, milk, meat, eggs, hard water
function of iron - Answer✔oxygen transport, helps enzymes and immune cells
neurotransmitter synthesis, energy metabolism
3
HNF150 Exam 3 Questions With Correct
Answers 100% Verified.
Major roles of water - Answer✔carries nutrients, solvent, participates in chemical reactions,
shock absorber, body temp regulation, removal of waste
causes of dehydration - Answer✔don't drink enough fluids, diuretics (alcohol, caffeine), eat lots
of salt and sugar
symptoms of dehydration - Answer✔Thirst, dry mouth, fatigue, headache, dizziness, deep
yellow urine. Seizures, low blood pressure, coma are severe dehydration symptoms, BP
decrease, increased pulse
how is water regulated in the body - Answer✔The nervous system and the kidneys act together
to control water in the body, such as making feelings of thirst
sources of water input - Answer✔drinking fluids, eating foods, produced from metabolism
sources of water output - Answer✔perspiration, lung respiration, feces, urine
what is hard water - Answer✔has more minerals overall (Ca and Mg), about 85% of water in US,
leaves deposits
what is soft water - Answer✔less minerals, contains mostly Na, not as palatable
compare the safety regulations of tap and bottled water - Answer✔Tap requires disinfection,
confirms e coli and coliform is banned, they test more frequently for bacteria, they filter
pathogens and viruses, test for organic chemicals more often
water balance - Answer✔comparison of input and output
solvent - Answer✔dissolves solutes
diuretic - Answer✔water pills or foods designed to increase amount of water and salt expelled
as urine
1
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
electrolytes - Answer✔compounds that separate into ions within water, able to conduct
electrical current
ions - Answer✔charged particles
anions - Answer✔negative charge (chloride)
cations - Answer✔positive charge (Na)
hyponatremia - Answer✔water toxicity, water pulled into cells, causing them to swell,
symptoms: headache, nausea, respiratory arrest
role of minerals in maintaining fluid and electrolytes - Answer✔Mineral salts form electrolytes
which help keep fluids in their proper place and buffer these fluids, which allows all life
processes to take place, sodium and potassium
role of minerals in maintaining acid base - Answer✔act as buffers to maintain the body's fluids
proper pH. It will either gather or release H+ as needed to maintain pH.I
-sodium and phosphorus
decreased bioavailability - Answer✔Phytic acid in wheat grain fiber binds strongly to some
minerals. (enzymes in the yeast improve the mineral bioavailability).
-Oxalic acid in leafy green plants reduces bioavailability (spinach, chard, beet greens).
-Polyphenols(in tea, chocolate, wine) can lower bioavailability of minerals.
increased bioavailability - Answer✔vitamin c increases iron absorb
vitamin d, increases calcium magnesium and phosphorus increase
hcl makes minerals more bioavailable by dissolving
bioavailability - Answer✔the degree to which the amount of an ingested nutrient is absorbed
and is available in the body
phytic acid - Answer✔some whole grain fibers and legumes strongly bind to some minerals,
oxalic acid reduces bioavailability (spinach, chard, beet greens), polyphenols (tea, chocolate,
wine) can lower bioavailability
gastric acidity - Answer✔is when HCl makes minerals more bioavailable by converting to a more
easily absorbed form
trace minerals - Answer✔are often very reactive and toxic in their free form, so they usually
have specific transport proteins to carry them
what are the trace minerals - Answer✔iodine, zinc, fluoride, iron, selenium
2
, ©THESTAR 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 12:08PM. A+
function of iodine - Answer✔needed for thyroid hormones, regulate basal metabolic rate
iodine deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔goiter, cretinism, fetal brain and growth development
cretinism - Answer✔iodine deficiency during pregnancy that causes severe intellectual
disability, loss of hearing and speech, very short stature
function of zinc - Answer✔works with protein to help enzymes, essential to wound healing,
taste, cognitive development, assists in immune function
zinc deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Loss of appetite and sense of taste, delayed growth and
sexual maturation, immune dysfunction: dermatitis and diarrhea, birth defects, and infant
mortality
iodine food sources - Answer✔iodized salt, saltwater seafood, seaweed, dairy
zinc food sources - Answer✔Mollusks, red meat, seafood, nuts, legumes, whole grains
fluoride function - Answer✔thought to promote re-mineralization of tooth enamel
fluoride deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔too much: fluorosis, mottling (spots) on teeth
fluoride food sources - Answer✔Water, tea with fluoride in it, seafood and seaweed
what are the major minerals - Answer✔calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium
function of calcium - Answer✔Regulates blood calcium levels (vitamin D promotes absorption)
99% stored in bones and teeth, bone remodeling & repair, nerve transmission, blood clotting,
blood pressure, muscle contraction and heartbeat
calcium deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Rickets, Osteoporosis - bone loss, osteopenia
calcium food sources - Answer✔spinach, kale, dairy products, orange juice
function of magnesium - Answer✔assists in enzyme function, energy metabolism, affects
metabolism of potassium, calcium, and vitamin D, protein formation, muscular relaxation,
provides resistance to tooth decay
magnesium deficiency/symptoms - Answer✔Irregular heartbeat, weakness, muscle spasms,
disorientation, nausea, seizures, possible impaired nerve function, risk of osteoporosis
magnesium food sources - Answer✔Found in green leafy vegetables, squash, beans, nuts,
grains, milk, meat, eggs, hard water
function of iron - Answer✔oxygen transport, helps enzymes and immune cells
neurotransmitter synthesis, energy metabolism
3
