PSW Exam Review Questions With
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Ball and socket joints joints that allow movement in all directions. They are made up of
the rounded part of one bone and the hollow end of another bone.
Cell The basic functional unit of body structure and function.
Condyloid joint A joint formed when the oval articular surface of one bone fits into the
oval depression of the second articulating bone, such as the wrist and the knuckles at the base of
the fingers.
Gliding Joint A joint between two corresponding flat bones held in place by ligaments that
glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint — up/down, left/right, and
diagonally. Ex: wrist, ankle joints, and the vertebral column.
Hinge Joint Joints that allow movement in one direction around a single axis. Ex: elbow
joint.
Pivot joints joints that allow turning from side to side.
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Saddle Joint Joints that allow for a wide range of motion between two articulating saddle-
shaped bones, such as the base of the thumb.
Capillaries Smallest form of blood vessels, site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange
between cells and the bloodstream.
Microorganisms/Microbes Sometimes considered as a bug/germ, these organisms live and
grow everywhere — in and out of water, air, food, soil, plants, animals, and inanimate objects
like clothing, furniture, medical equipment, and personal care items. Grow on people.
Nonpathogens Microbes that don't cause infection or disease.
Pathogens Microbes that are harmful and can cause infection or disease.
Bacteria Single organisms that naturally occur on living, dead, or inanimate objects. Can
multiply rapidly or remain dormant (nonactive).
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Viruses Infectious particles that are smaller than bacteria and infect living cells to grow
and multiply. Ex: influenza, herpes, common cold, AIDS, etc.
Vaccine A suspension containing a live or killed bacterium administered for the purpose
of inducing active immunity to a specific infectious disease.
multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs) microbes that can resist the effects of antibiotics
Infection invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Signs and symptoms of infection fever, chills, pulse rate increased, respiratory rate
increased, pain, tenderness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, sores on mucous
membranes, redness and swelling of a body part, new/increased cough, sore throat, or runny
nose, discharge or drainage in infected area, pain when urinating, behavioural changes in older
persons.
communicable disease Contagious disease
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incubation period interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms.
communicable phase The period when a person is infectious and can spread pathogens to
others.
Pandemic Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
Factors that increase the risk for infection Extremes of age, poor nutrition, stress, lack of
sleep, presence of a disease/illness which themselves or the treatments weaken the immune
system, certain medications, invasive procedures, invasive devices, open wounds, living in close
contact with people who have communicable diseases, having contact with multiple caregivers.
Ways to prevent infection 1.) hand washing
2.) PPE
3.) avoid contact
5.) covering mouth and nose
Complete Answers
Ball and socket joints joints that allow movement in all directions. They are made up of
the rounded part of one bone and the hollow end of another bone.
Cell The basic functional unit of body structure and function.
Condyloid joint A joint formed when the oval articular surface of one bone fits into the
oval depression of the second articulating bone, such as the wrist and the knuckles at the base of
the fingers.
Gliding Joint A joint between two corresponding flat bones held in place by ligaments that
glide past one another in any direction along the plane of the joint — up/down, left/right, and
diagonally. Ex: wrist, ankle joints, and the vertebral column.
Hinge Joint Joints that allow movement in one direction around a single axis. Ex: elbow
joint.
Pivot joints joints that allow turning from side to side.
, PSW Exam Review Questions With
Complete Answers
Saddle Joint Joints that allow for a wide range of motion between two articulating saddle-
shaped bones, such as the base of the thumb.
Capillaries Smallest form of blood vessels, site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange
between cells and the bloodstream.
Microorganisms/Microbes Sometimes considered as a bug/germ, these organisms live and
grow everywhere — in and out of water, air, food, soil, plants, animals, and inanimate objects
like clothing, furniture, medical equipment, and personal care items. Grow on people.
Nonpathogens Microbes that don't cause infection or disease.
Pathogens Microbes that are harmful and can cause infection or disease.
Bacteria Single organisms that naturally occur on living, dead, or inanimate objects. Can
multiply rapidly or remain dormant (nonactive).
, PSW Exam Review Questions With
Complete Answers
Viruses Infectious particles that are smaller than bacteria and infect living cells to grow
and multiply. Ex: influenza, herpes, common cold, AIDS, etc.
Vaccine A suspension containing a live or killed bacterium administered for the purpose
of inducing active immunity to a specific infectious disease.
multidrug-resistant organisms (MROs) microbes that can resist the effects of antibiotics
Infection invasion of the body by a pathogenic organism
Signs and symptoms of infection fever, chills, pulse rate increased, respiratory rate
increased, pain, tenderness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, sores on mucous
membranes, redness and swelling of a body part, new/increased cough, sore throat, or runny
nose, discharge or drainage in infected area, pain when urinating, behavioural changes in older
persons.
communicable disease Contagious disease
, PSW Exam Review Questions With
Complete Answers
incubation period interval between initial infection and first signs and symptoms.
communicable phase The period when a person is infectious and can spread pathogens to
others.
Pandemic Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
Factors that increase the risk for infection Extremes of age, poor nutrition, stress, lack of
sleep, presence of a disease/illness which themselves or the treatments weaken the immune
system, certain medications, invasive procedures, invasive devices, open wounds, living in close
contact with people who have communicable diseases, having contact with multiple caregivers.
Ways to prevent infection 1.) hand washing
2.) PPE
3.) avoid contact
5.) covering mouth and nose
