MMBIO 221: Exam 1|194 Verified
Questions with Solutions
The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak at the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? - -Propagated Outbreak
- Investigators defined a confirmed case of botulism as a bus driver with a
serum or stool sample that demonstrated botulinum toxin or yielded
Clostridium botulinum with onset of symptoms such as acute cranial nerve
dysfunction (e.g., blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, problems
swallowing) between January 5 and 15. For precise analysis of the outbreak,
what additional information is needed for a proper case definition? - -The
town, institution or venue, and activity of those affected by the outbreak.
- The figure below represents the cases of typhoid fever in the United States
for the years 1983-2013. Regarding the number of cases in the United
States, what can we say about this disease? - -Typhoid fever in the United
States is endemic.
- Between July 2005 and September 2010, 1,032 new cases of pertussis
were identified. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Incidence
- During 2015, state health departments reported a total of 20,762 cases of
pertussis to CDC. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Prevalence
- According to the WHO 2016 World Malaria Report, the incidence of malaria
in Burundi, a small country in Africa about the size of Massachusetts,
increased more than 50 percent from 2010 to 2015.Which term best
describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- A 65-year old person presented to his primary care physician in Walton,
New York, with fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of
balance, and convulsions. He reported having eaten soft cheese made by a
local creamery over the past week. That he had eaten food produced by this
creamery met the case definition for an outbreak of listeriosis. A stool
sample taken from the patient tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes.
What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Confirmed case
- An outbreak of botulism was investigated in Argentina. The case definition
was defined as a patient presenting at a clinic with blurred vision, double
vision, drooping eyelids, and problems swallowing. Patients should have
,eaten at a specific restaurant during the past 72 hours. Supposing a patient
presents at the clinic with symptoms but reports not to have eaten at the
restaurant. What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Suspected case
- Madagascar reports from 300 to 600 reported cases of plague each year.
What term best describes the prevalence of this disease in Madagascar? - -
Endemic
- A case in an outbreak of dysentery was defined as a patient in a
psychiatric rehabilitation center in Taipei, Taiwan, who had diarrhea (loose
stools three and more times a day in the past week and who had tested
positive for the dysentery bacillus, Shigella sonnei, and that had blood in the
feces. For precise analysis of the outbreak, what additional information is
needed for a proper case definition? - -No further information is needed for
the case definition.
- An Escherichia coli O26 (STEC O26) outbreak in 9 states (not Utah,
fortunately!) during 2015. An epidemic curve, shown below, represents the
number of people infected by date of illness onset. What kind of epidemic is
indicated by the data? - -Common-source outbreak
- Thirty people infected with two strains of Salmonella have been reported in
nine states (in the U.S..) Of those ill people, 24 were infected with Salmonella
Reading, 1 was infected with Salmonella Abony, and 5 were infected with
both. An epidemiological study indicated that alfalfa sprouts supplied by
Sprouts Extraordinaire of Denver, Colorado was the likely source. What term
best describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- In 2009, influenza H1N1 infected 94,512 individuals globally with 429
deaths attributed to the disease. What term best describes this outbreak? - -
Pandemic
- Consider Figure 1 (below.) What kind of outbreak is indicated by the data?
- -Common-source outbreak
- Viral conjunctivitis is spread by - -Direct contact
- Chickenpox and shingles are diseases caused by which kind of pathogen? -
-Virus
- Furuncles are infections of hair follicles caused by Staphylococcus aureus,
which is a ________________. - -Bacterium
- Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by a - -Bacterium
- The causative agent of measles is - -Measles morbillivirus
, - What is the following treatment used for? Lancing and drainage. If
antibiotics therapy is required, a topical treatment with clindamycin or
erythomycin may be prescribed. - -Furuncles/carbuncles
- Prompt treatment of streptococcal infections is required to prevent which
disease? - -Necrotizing fasciitis
- These lesions, if left alone, will heal spontaneously; however the lesions
may always reoccur. Prescription medications include topically applied
acyclovir and penciclovir. - -Cold sores
- Impetigo is transmitted by _________________________. - -Direct contact with
an infected individual or contaminated fomite
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Swollen, hot,
and very painful lesion. Necrosis of epidermis and dermis. Bullae (fluid-filled
blisters) form. Flu-like symptoms: fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue occur as
the disease progresses. Late symptoms include dizziness, confusion, and
shock. - -Necrotizing fasciitis
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Early symptoms
include fever, runny nose, cough, and sore and reddened eyes. A blotchy,
brownish-red rash forms on the face and spreads down the body, which lasts
for about three days. - -Measles
- Ringworm, which is not a worm at all, is actually caused by a type of
____________. - -Fungus
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Vesicles that
form on the lips, gums, tongue, or eyes. The vesicles rupture to form ulcers
that may or may not be painful. - -Cold sores
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Low-grade
fever, runny nose, slight cough, decreased appetite, headache, and malaise.
Within a few days an itchy rash first appears on the chest, then the back or
face and eventually to the rest of the body. The papules develop into
vesicles. - -Chickenpox
- In the United States, impetigo is most commonly caused by - -
Staphylococcus aureus
- Which disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Swollen lymph
nodes, low-grade fever and a maculopapular rash that develops on the face
and neck. The rash spreads to the chest and limbs. Congenital symptoms
include cardiac disorders, and loss of vision and hearing. - -Rubella
Questions with Solutions
The figure shows the cases of measles in an outbreak at the end of 2007
through the beginning of 2008. What kind of outbreak does this figure
indicate? - -Propagated Outbreak
- Investigators defined a confirmed case of botulism as a bus driver with a
serum or stool sample that demonstrated botulinum toxin or yielded
Clostridium botulinum with onset of symptoms such as acute cranial nerve
dysfunction (e.g., blurred vision, double vision, drooping eyelids, problems
swallowing) between January 5 and 15. For precise analysis of the outbreak,
what additional information is needed for a proper case definition? - -The
town, institution or venue, and activity of those affected by the outbreak.
- The figure below represents the cases of typhoid fever in the United States
for the years 1983-2013. Regarding the number of cases in the United
States, what can we say about this disease? - -Typhoid fever in the United
States is endemic.
- Between July 2005 and September 2010, 1,032 new cases of pertussis
were identified. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Incidence
- During 2015, state health departments reported a total of 20,762 cases of
pertussis to CDC. This statement reflects which epidemiological statistic? - -
Prevalence
- According to the WHO 2016 World Malaria Report, the incidence of malaria
in Burundi, a small country in Africa about the size of Massachusetts,
increased more than 50 percent from 2010 to 2015.Which term best
describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- A 65-year old person presented to his primary care physician in Walton,
New York, with fever, muscle aches, headache, stiff neck, confusion, loss of
balance, and convulsions. He reported having eaten soft cheese made by a
local creamery over the past week. That he had eaten food produced by this
creamery met the case definition for an outbreak of listeriosis. A stool
sample taken from the patient tested positive for Listeria monocytogenes.
What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Confirmed case
- An outbreak of botulism was investigated in Argentina. The case definition
was defined as a patient presenting at a clinic with blurred vision, double
vision, drooping eyelids, and problems swallowing. Patients should have
,eaten at a specific restaurant during the past 72 hours. Supposing a patient
presents at the clinic with symptoms but reports not to have eaten at the
restaurant. What kind of case would this be defined as? - -Suspected case
- Madagascar reports from 300 to 600 reported cases of plague each year.
What term best describes the prevalence of this disease in Madagascar? - -
Endemic
- A case in an outbreak of dysentery was defined as a patient in a
psychiatric rehabilitation center in Taipei, Taiwan, who had diarrhea (loose
stools three and more times a day in the past week and who had tested
positive for the dysentery bacillus, Shigella sonnei, and that had blood in the
feces. For precise analysis of the outbreak, what additional information is
needed for a proper case definition? - -No further information is needed for
the case definition.
- An Escherichia coli O26 (STEC O26) outbreak in 9 states (not Utah,
fortunately!) during 2015. An epidemic curve, shown below, represents the
number of people infected by date of illness onset. What kind of epidemic is
indicated by the data? - -Common-source outbreak
- Thirty people infected with two strains of Salmonella have been reported in
nine states (in the U.S..) Of those ill people, 24 were infected with Salmonella
Reading, 1 was infected with Salmonella Abony, and 5 were infected with
both. An epidemiological study indicated that alfalfa sprouts supplied by
Sprouts Extraordinaire of Denver, Colorado was the likely source. What term
best describes this disease? - -Epidemic
- In 2009, influenza H1N1 infected 94,512 individuals globally with 429
deaths attributed to the disease. What term best describes this outbreak? - -
Pandemic
- Consider Figure 1 (below.) What kind of outbreak is indicated by the data?
- -Common-source outbreak
- Viral conjunctivitis is spread by - -Direct contact
- Chickenpox and shingles are diseases caused by which kind of pathogen? -
-Virus
- Furuncles are infections of hair follicles caused by Staphylococcus aureus,
which is a ________________. - -Bacterium
- Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by a - -Bacterium
- The causative agent of measles is - -Measles morbillivirus
, - What is the following treatment used for? Lancing and drainage. If
antibiotics therapy is required, a topical treatment with clindamycin or
erythomycin may be prescribed. - -Furuncles/carbuncles
- Prompt treatment of streptococcal infections is required to prevent which
disease? - -Necrotizing fasciitis
- These lesions, if left alone, will heal spontaneously; however the lesions
may always reoccur. Prescription medications include topically applied
acyclovir and penciclovir. - -Cold sores
- Impetigo is transmitted by _________________________. - -Direct contact with
an infected individual or contaminated fomite
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Swollen, hot,
and very painful lesion. Necrosis of epidermis and dermis. Bullae (fluid-filled
blisters) form. Flu-like symptoms: fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue occur as
the disease progresses. Late symptoms include dizziness, confusion, and
shock. - -Necrotizing fasciitis
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Early symptoms
include fever, runny nose, cough, and sore and reddened eyes. A blotchy,
brownish-red rash forms on the face and spreads down the body, which lasts
for about three days. - -Measles
- Ringworm, which is not a worm at all, is actually caused by a type of
____________. - -Fungus
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Vesicles that
form on the lips, gums, tongue, or eyes. The vesicles rupture to form ulcers
that may or may not be painful. - -Cold sores
- What disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Low-grade
fever, runny nose, slight cough, decreased appetite, headache, and malaise.
Within a few days an itchy rash first appears on the chest, then the back or
face and eventually to the rest of the body. The papules develop into
vesicles. - -Chickenpox
- In the United States, impetigo is most commonly caused by - -
Staphylococcus aureus
- Which disease is characterized by the following symptoms? Swollen lymph
nodes, low-grade fever and a maculopapular rash that develops on the face
and neck. The rash spreads to the chest and limbs. Congenital symptoms
include cardiac disorders, and loss of vision and hearing. - -Rubella
