WGU D322 INTRODUCTION TO IT MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH ANSWERS 2025/2026
Shell Scripting - Small programs that place Linux commands or DOS batch files into a
file
Local Computer - The computer that the user is using; physically present with
Remote Computer - A computer being accessed over the network
Network Hub - Connects computers to each other with no real understanding of what is
being transferred; used for private networks with local computers.
Network Switch - Like a hub, but this will only send data that is intended for a specific
computer.
Router - Connects multiple networks together; can be used to directly connect
computers to a network; will relay messages to computers with appropriate IP
addresses
Wireless Access Point - Can be connected to hub, switch, or router; many routers now
also act as a wireless access point; sends out a wireless signal so computers on the
network can connect without a cable
Circuit Switched Network - Requires that a full pathway, or circuit, be est. before
transmission can begin and maintained during the entire transmission; like calling
someone on the phone
Packet Switched Network - A message's pathway is only est. as it is sent; the choice of
pathway is based on availability and amount of message traffic
Workstations - Creates and maintains client network connections to remote servers
Virtual Machine (VM) - A software emulator program that permits a computer user to
use multiple computers and multiple platforms without the expense of purchasing
multiple computers; allows a user to run software for different OS platform in their
computer that would not otherwise be able to run that software; this allows multiple
users on a network to access the software to support collaboration.
Server - Computers that have greater hard disk storage, faster response time and are
used to respond to request from other computers on the network
Client-server Network - Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that will
request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests
and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates
communication with remote servers
, File Server - Sends files over the network at the request of clients.
Responds over LAN, within one location/site.
Support both application software and data files.
Web Server - Stores data files (web pages) and programs (scripts).
Responds from anywhere on the Internet.
Database Server - Responds to queries by pulling from the database.
Typically only to local clients.
Print Server - Monitors print jobs
Mail Server - Two email servers communicate with each other
FTP Server - Like web server or file server in that requests are for files and responses
are the files; data delivered between client and server.
Point-to-Point Network - Link between two resources; links two routers without any host
or network in between
Bus Network - Devices connected along a single cable.
Size of network is restricted.
Star Network - Each device is connected to a central devices such as a hub or switch.
Ring Network - Each device is connected directly to its neighbors, and messages are
forwarded from device to device until the proper destination is reached.
Mesh Network - Every device is connected directly to every other device in the network.
Domain Name Server (DNS) - Turns a user-friendly domain name, like Google.com, into
an Internet Protocol (IP) address like 70.42.251.42 that computers use to identify each
other on the network.
Parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - Protocol, Domain name, Resource/Filename
Domain Name - Identifies the server on which the web page can be found
Domain Name Parts - Top level domain (TLD) name and Host name
WITH ANSWERS 2025/2026
Shell Scripting - Small programs that place Linux commands or DOS batch files into a
file
Local Computer - The computer that the user is using; physically present with
Remote Computer - A computer being accessed over the network
Network Hub - Connects computers to each other with no real understanding of what is
being transferred; used for private networks with local computers.
Network Switch - Like a hub, but this will only send data that is intended for a specific
computer.
Router - Connects multiple networks together; can be used to directly connect
computers to a network; will relay messages to computers with appropriate IP
addresses
Wireless Access Point - Can be connected to hub, switch, or router; many routers now
also act as a wireless access point; sends out a wireless signal so computers on the
network can connect without a cable
Circuit Switched Network - Requires that a full pathway, or circuit, be est. before
transmission can begin and maintained during the entire transmission; like calling
someone on the phone
Packet Switched Network - A message's pathway is only est. as it is sent; the choice of
pathway is based on availability and amount of message traffic
Workstations - Creates and maintains client network connections to remote servers
Virtual Machine (VM) - A software emulator program that permits a computer user to
use multiple computers and multiple platforms without the expense of purchasing
multiple computers; allows a user to run software for different OS platform in their
computer that would not otherwise be able to run that software; this allows multiple
users on a network to access the software to support collaboration.
Server - Computers that have greater hard disk storage, faster response time and are
used to respond to request from other computers on the network
Client-server Network - Contains one or more servers; client is a computer that will
request information from another computer; server is a computer that takes requests
and responds with the requested information; the software used facilitates
communication with remote servers
, File Server - Sends files over the network at the request of clients.
Responds over LAN, within one location/site.
Support both application software and data files.
Web Server - Stores data files (web pages) and programs (scripts).
Responds from anywhere on the Internet.
Database Server - Responds to queries by pulling from the database.
Typically only to local clients.
Print Server - Monitors print jobs
Mail Server - Two email servers communicate with each other
FTP Server - Like web server or file server in that requests are for files and responses
are the files; data delivered between client and server.
Point-to-Point Network - Link between two resources; links two routers without any host
or network in between
Bus Network - Devices connected along a single cable.
Size of network is restricted.
Star Network - Each device is connected to a central devices such as a hub or switch.
Ring Network - Each device is connected directly to its neighbors, and messages are
forwarded from device to device until the proper destination is reached.
Mesh Network - Every device is connected directly to every other device in the network.
Domain Name Server (DNS) - Turns a user-friendly domain name, like Google.com, into
an Internet Protocol (IP) address like 70.42.251.42 that computers use to identify each
other on the network.
Parts of URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - Protocol, Domain name, Resource/Filename
Domain Name - Identifies the server on which the web page can be found
Domain Name Parts - Top level domain (TLD) name and Host name
