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Résumé Chapitre 5 - Les enzymes

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February 8, 2025
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2024/2025
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Chapitre 5 - Les enzymes

1. Les enzymes, des catalyseurs biologiques
Les enzymes sont des protéines spécialisées qui accélèrent les
réactions chimiques au sein des cellules, jouant un
rôle de catalyseur. Elles transforment un substrat en
produit tout en restant intactes après la réaction.
Cette propriété permet de réguler efficacement les
processus métaboliques nécessaires à la survie des
organismes vivants.




2. La spécificité des enzymes
Les enzymes possèdent deux niveaux de spécificité :

● Spécificité de substrat : Une enzyme agit uniquement sur un
substrat précis grâce à la forme complémentaire de son site actif.
● Spécificité de réaction catalytique : Une enzyme catalyse
uniquement une transformation chimique spécifique, évitant des
réactions inappropriées ou inutiles.
Ces spécificités permettent d’orienter précisément les réactions
du métabolisme cellulaire.
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