EDF 6223 EXAM 1 Questions with 100%
Accurate Answers Latest Versions 2025
GRADED A+
what is the main disadvantage of backward chaining? correct answers the potential passive
participation of the learner in earlier steps in the chain may limit the total number of responses
made during any given training session
backward chaining with leaps ahead correct answers follows essentially the same procedure as
backward chaining, except that not every step in the task analysis is trained. selected steps are
simply probed
-tasks that the learner can perform are skipped and the learner moves on to the next unmastered
task, thereby decreasing total training time for the chain
unchaining correct answers occurs when, in the case of a two-response chain, R2 produces
reinforcement not only in the presence of S2 (as usual) but also in the absence of S2
-not as powerful and immediate as extinction and satiation
extinction (chaining) correct answers the practitioner withholds reinforcement for one or more
responses in the chain
satiation (chaining) correct answers the practitioner provides unlimited access to the reinforcer
(an AO) for the last response in the chain
-the chain's final response will likely abate because of the decreased effectiveness of the
reinforcer
-responses earlier in the chain would be expected to decrease as well because the effectiveness of
the stimulus changes as conditioned reinforcers for earlier responses depends upon their
association with the chain's terminal reinforcer
interrupting the chain correct answers relies on the participant's skill to initially perform all the
critical elements of the chain independently, but the chain is then interrupted, or a link in the
chain is made unavailable, at a predetermined link so that another behavior can be emitted or
prompted
-initially developed to increase speech and oral responding
-by interrupting the chains at the point at which these additional objects are needed, practitioners
can momentarily establish them as reinforcers and cognitive opportunities to teach a wider
variety of mands
substituting an initial Sd for an alternative chain correct answers when a specific Sd sets an
inappropriate chain in motion, blocking that Sd completely and substituting the initial Sd for a
preferred chain may be effective
, extending the chain with time delays correct answers separate components and introduce brief
delays
troubleshooting chains correct answers -reexamine the Sd and response sequence
-determine whether similar Sd(s) cue different responses and rearrange the Sd(s) and their
associated responses if needed
-analyze the natural setting to identify relevant and irrelevant Sd(s)
-determine whether Sd(s) in the natural setting differ from training Sd(s)
-identify the presence of novel stimuli in the environment
how can a chain be maintained? correct answers if an appropriate schedule of reinforcement is
used
how to avoid stimulus variations? correct answers introduce all possible variations of the Sd that
the learner will encounter
response variations correct answers -when stimulus variations occur, these variations also must
occur to produce the same effect
-when stimulus variation is introduced, training, or retraining of responses, within the chain may
be required
4 criteria of imitation correct answers 1. the imitative behavior is occasioned by another person's
model of the behavior
2. the imitative behavior has formal similarity with the model
3. the imitative behavior follows the modeled behavior closely in time
4. the model is the primary controlling variable for the imitative behavior
what does an imitative repertoire promote? correct answers the quick acquisition of behaviors
such as a young child's development of social and communication skills
model correct answers an antecedent stimulus with topographical similarity to the behavior the
analyst wants to be imitated
- can be a person or symbolic
planned models correct answers prearranged demonstrations of behavior that show the learner
exactly what to do, be it acquiring new skills or refining the topography of certain elements of
existing skills
-can be performances, video models, or vocal-verbal behaviors
unplanned models correct answers occasion imitation in everyday social environments
-typically developing children acquire many skills this way
formal similarity correct answers occurs when the model's and the imitator's behavior physically
resemble each other and are in the same mode (i.e., they look, or sound, alike)
-can exist without the model functionally controlling the similar behavior
Accurate Answers Latest Versions 2025
GRADED A+
what is the main disadvantage of backward chaining? correct answers the potential passive
participation of the learner in earlier steps in the chain may limit the total number of responses
made during any given training session
backward chaining with leaps ahead correct answers follows essentially the same procedure as
backward chaining, except that not every step in the task analysis is trained. selected steps are
simply probed
-tasks that the learner can perform are skipped and the learner moves on to the next unmastered
task, thereby decreasing total training time for the chain
unchaining correct answers occurs when, in the case of a two-response chain, R2 produces
reinforcement not only in the presence of S2 (as usual) but also in the absence of S2
-not as powerful and immediate as extinction and satiation
extinction (chaining) correct answers the practitioner withholds reinforcement for one or more
responses in the chain
satiation (chaining) correct answers the practitioner provides unlimited access to the reinforcer
(an AO) for the last response in the chain
-the chain's final response will likely abate because of the decreased effectiveness of the
reinforcer
-responses earlier in the chain would be expected to decrease as well because the effectiveness of
the stimulus changes as conditioned reinforcers for earlier responses depends upon their
association with the chain's terminal reinforcer
interrupting the chain correct answers relies on the participant's skill to initially perform all the
critical elements of the chain independently, but the chain is then interrupted, or a link in the
chain is made unavailable, at a predetermined link so that another behavior can be emitted or
prompted
-initially developed to increase speech and oral responding
-by interrupting the chains at the point at which these additional objects are needed, practitioners
can momentarily establish them as reinforcers and cognitive opportunities to teach a wider
variety of mands
substituting an initial Sd for an alternative chain correct answers when a specific Sd sets an
inappropriate chain in motion, blocking that Sd completely and substituting the initial Sd for a
preferred chain may be effective
, extending the chain with time delays correct answers separate components and introduce brief
delays
troubleshooting chains correct answers -reexamine the Sd and response sequence
-determine whether similar Sd(s) cue different responses and rearrange the Sd(s) and their
associated responses if needed
-analyze the natural setting to identify relevant and irrelevant Sd(s)
-determine whether Sd(s) in the natural setting differ from training Sd(s)
-identify the presence of novel stimuli in the environment
how can a chain be maintained? correct answers if an appropriate schedule of reinforcement is
used
how to avoid stimulus variations? correct answers introduce all possible variations of the Sd that
the learner will encounter
response variations correct answers -when stimulus variations occur, these variations also must
occur to produce the same effect
-when stimulus variation is introduced, training, or retraining of responses, within the chain may
be required
4 criteria of imitation correct answers 1. the imitative behavior is occasioned by another person's
model of the behavior
2. the imitative behavior has formal similarity with the model
3. the imitative behavior follows the modeled behavior closely in time
4. the model is the primary controlling variable for the imitative behavior
what does an imitative repertoire promote? correct answers the quick acquisition of behaviors
such as a young child's development of social and communication skills
model correct answers an antecedent stimulus with topographical similarity to the behavior the
analyst wants to be imitated
- can be a person or symbolic
planned models correct answers prearranged demonstrations of behavior that show the learner
exactly what to do, be it acquiring new skills or refining the topography of certain elements of
existing skills
-can be performances, video models, or vocal-verbal behaviors
unplanned models correct answers occasion imitation in everyday social environments
-typically developing children acquire many skills this way
formal similarity correct answers occurs when the model's and the imitator's behavior physically
resemble each other and are in the same mode (i.e., they look, or sound, alike)
-can exist without the model functionally controlling the similar behavior
