Alterations in Pulmonary Function TEST ANK 60 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025//ALREADY GRADED A+
A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. What term
should the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER-dyspnea
A 20-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting difficulty breathing when lying
down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER-orthopnea
-orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat
A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and
pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving
report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as: - ANSWER-transudative
-pleural effusions that enter the pleural space from intact blood vessels can be transudative (watery)
An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and
develops fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis documented in the chart? - ANSWER-empyema
-the presence of microorganisms in the pleural space is termed empyema
A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with empyema. Upon receiving and reviewing the culture result,
which organisms does the nurses suspect is the most likely cause? - ANSWER-staphylococcus
aureus
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease. The patient had a pulmonary
functions test. Which of the following findings is expected? - ANSWER-decreased functional
residual capacity
-fibrosis progressively obliterates the alveoli, respiratory bronchioles, and interstitium, which can
results in chronic pulmonary insufficiency, and FRC declines
A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume.
He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most
probable cause of his illness? - ANSWER-inhalation of silica, asbestos, mica
, A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, decreased
lung compliance, and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by
acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? - ANSWER-Acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)
Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? - ANSWER-alveolocapillary membrane injury causes a
massive inflammatory response
-all disorders causes ARDS cause massive pulmonary inflammation that injures the alveocapillary
membrane and produces severe pulmonary edema and inflammation
A 60-year-old female emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. When giving
report, the nurse will relay that the patient is most likely experiencing __________ pulmonary
disease. - ANSWER-obstructive
-emphysema is a form of obstructive pulmonary disease
When the nurse is asked what causes asthma, how should the nurse respond? Asthma is thought to
be caused by: - ANSWER-interactions between genetic environmental factors
A nurse recalls asthma is classified by: - ANSWER-clinical severity
A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include?
Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to: - ANSWER-exposure to an allergen causes
mast cell degranulation
A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include?
Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is
caused by: - ANSWER-mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema
A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The
most likely diagnosis on the chart is: - ANSWER-status asthmaticus
-when bronchospasm is not reversed by usual measures, the individual is considered to have severe
bronchospasm or status asthmaticus
CORRECT ANSWERS 2025//ALREADY GRADED A+
A 10-year-old female develops pneumonia. Physical exam reveals subcostal and intercostal
retractions. She reports that breathing is difficult and she feels she cannot get enough air. What term
should the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER-dyspnea
A 20-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting difficulty breathing when lying
down. What term should the nurse use to document this condition? - ANSWER-orthopnea
-orthopnea is dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat
A 60-year-old female with a history of cirrhosis presents with dyspnea, impaired ventilation, and
pleural pain. A diagnosis of pleural effusion is made, and a watery fluid is drained. When giving
report, the nurse will refer to this fluid as: - ANSWER-transudative
-pleural effusions that enter the pleural space from intact blood vessels can be transudative (watery)
An 80-year-old female develops pneumonia in the hospital. She becomes cyanotic, tachycardic, and
develops fever and cough. Chest x-ray reveals pus in the pleural space. Which of the following is the
most likely diagnosis documented in the chart? - ANSWER-empyema
-the presence of microorganisms in the pleural space is termed empyema
A 54-year-old male is diagnosed with empyema. Upon receiving and reviewing the culture result,
which organisms does the nurses suspect is the most likely cause? - ANSWER-staphylococcus
aureus
A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with restrictive lung disease. The patient had a pulmonary
functions test. Which of the following findings is expected? - ANSWER-decreased functional
residual capacity
-fibrosis progressively obliterates the alveoli, respiratory bronchioles, and interstitium, which can
results in chronic pulmonary insufficiency, and FRC declines
A 57-year-old male presents with cough, sputum production, dyspnea, and decreased lung volume.
He is diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. When taking the patient's history, which finding is the most
probable cause of his illness? - ANSWER-inhalation of silica, asbestos, mica
, A 42-year-old female presents with dyspnea, rapid, shallow breathing, inspiratory crackles, decreased
lung compliance, and hypoxemia. Tests reveal a fulminant form of respiratory failure characterized by
acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolocapillary injury. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis the nurse will observe on the chart? - ANSWER-Acute respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS)
Which of the following shows a correct cause and effect sequence in the development of acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)? - ANSWER-alveolocapillary membrane injury causes a
massive inflammatory response
-all disorders causes ARDS cause massive pulmonary inflammation that injures the alveocapillary
membrane and produces severe pulmonary edema and inflammation
A 60-year-old female emphysema is having difficulty expiring a given volume of air. When giving
report, the nurse will relay that the patient is most likely experiencing __________ pulmonary
disease. - ANSWER-obstructive
-emphysema is a form of obstructive pulmonary disease
When the nurse is asked what causes asthma, how should the nurse respond? Asthma is thought to
be caused by: - ANSWER-interactions between genetic environmental factors
A nurse recalls asthma is classified by: - ANSWER-clinical severity
A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include?
Airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma is related to: - ANSWER-exposure to an allergen causes
mast cell degranulation
A nurse is preparing to teach the staff about asthma. Which information should the nurse include?
Airway obstruction contributing to increased airflow resistance and hypoventilation in asthma is
caused by: - ANSWER-mucus secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema
A 10-year-old male is brought to the ER with prolonged bronchospasm and severe hypoxemia. The
most likely diagnosis on the chart is: - ANSWER-status asthmaticus
-when bronchospasm is not reversed by usual measures, the individual is considered to have severe
bronchospasm or status asthmaticus
