PMED CH 23 EXAM WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experiences polydipsia as a result of:
A) hyperglycemia.
B) dehydration.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) inefficient nutrient utilization. - Answer-B
Which of the following interventions would the paramedic LEAST likely perform on a
patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A) Insulin administration
B) Endotracheal intubation
C) Sodium bicarbonate administration
D) Infusion of 1 to 2 L of normal saline - Answer-A
Patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma:
A) present with severe dehydration and neurologic deficits.
B) experience more severe acidosis than patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
C) typically require prehospital sodium bicarbonate therapy.
D) most commonly have a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. - Answer-A
Prehospital treatment for patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
focuses on:
A) intubation and insulin administration.
B) correction of electrolyte abnormalities.
C) high-flow oxygen and IV or IM glucagon.
D) airway management and fluid rehydration. - Answer-D
Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by decreased function of the ______________
and consequent underproduction of ______________.
A) adrenal glands, catecholamines
B) adrenal medulla, norepinephrine
C) adrenal cortex, cortisol and aldosterone
D) adrenal glands, epinephrine and norepinephrine - Answer-C
A decrease in adrenal hormone production will result in all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) weakness.
, B) hypertension.
C) dehydration.
D) inability to respond to stress. - Answer-B
The primary role of cortisol is to:
A) maintain an adequate blood pressure.
B) assist with the body's response to stress.
C) regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates.
D) decrease the body's inflammatory response. - Answer-B
Which of the following statements regarding Addison disease is MOST correct?
A) Addison disease most often occurs when the immune system creates antibodies that
attack and destroy the adrenal cortex.
B) Addison disease is also known as secondary adrenal insufficiency and is most often
the result of a viral infection.
C) The signs and symptoms of Addison disease are a direct result of the overproduction
of cortisol and aldosterone.
D) Hallmark signs of Addison disease are hypertension and fluid retention that result
from excess sodium reabsorption. - Answer-A
In contrast to primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused
by:
A) idiopathic atrophy of both of the adrenal glands that results in a deficiency of all the
steroid hormones they secrete.
B) adrenal gland destruction caused by tuberculosis; viral, bacterial, or fungal infections;
or cancer of the adrenal gland.
C) acute hypertension and overhydration due to excess sodium reabsorption.
D) decreased cortisol secretion secondary to a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone
secretion from the pituitary gland. - Answer-D
The MOST common cause of Addisonian crisis is:
A) overwhelming stress.
B) a severe acute infectious process.
C) abrupt termination of corticosteroid use.
D) acute failure of one or both of the adrenal glands. - Answer-C
The chief clinical manifestation of Addisonian crisis is:
A) shock.
B) dehydration.
C) lower back pain.
D) an elevated temperature. - Answer-A
Which of the following would MOST likely cause Cushing syndrome?
A) Abrupt termination of steroids such as prednisone and hydrocortisone
B) Administration of large amounts of methylprednisolone to an asthma patient
C) An acute decrease in cortisol secretion secondary to an infection or malignancy
CORRECT ANSWERS
A patient with diabetic ketoacidosis experiences polydipsia as a result of:
A) hyperglycemia.
B) dehydration.
C) metabolic acidosis.
D) inefficient nutrient utilization. - Answer-B
Which of the following interventions would the paramedic LEAST likely perform on a
patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?
A) Insulin administration
B) Endotracheal intubation
C) Sodium bicarbonate administration
D) Infusion of 1 to 2 L of normal saline - Answer-A
Patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma:
A) present with severe dehydration and neurologic deficits.
B) experience more severe acidosis than patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
C) typically require prehospital sodium bicarbonate therapy.
D) most commonly have a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus. - Answer-A
Prehospital treatment for patients with hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma
focuses on:
A) intubation and insulin administration.
B) correction of electrolyte abnormalities.
C) high-flow oxygen and IV or IM glucagon.
D) airway management and fluid rehydration. - Answer-D
Adrenal insufficiency is characterized by decreased function of the ______________
and consequent underproduction of ______________.
A) adrenal glands, catecholamines
B) adrenal medulla, norepinephrine
C) adrenal cortex, cortisol and aldosterone
D) adrenal glands, epinephrine and norepinephrine - Answer-C
A decrease in adrenal hormone production will result in all of the following, EXCEPT:
A) weakness.
, B) hypertension.
C) dehydration.
D) inability to respond to stress. - Answer-B
The primary role of cortisol is to:
A) maintain an adequate blood pressure.
B) assist with the body's response to stress.
C) regulate the metabolism of carbohydrates.
D) decrease the body's inflammatory response. - Answer-B
Which of the following statements regarding Addison disease is MOST correct?
A) Addison disease most often occurs when the immune system creates antibodies that
attack and destroy the adrenal cortex.
B) Addison disease is also known as secondary adrenal insufficiency and is most often
the result of a viral infection.
C) The signs and symptoms of Addison disease are a direct result of the overproduction
of cortisol and aldosterone.
D) Hallmark signs of Addison disease are hypertension and fluid retention that result
from excess sodium reabsorption. - Answer-A
In contrast to primary adrenal insufficiency, secondary adrenal insufficiency is caused
by:
A) idiopathic atrophy of both of the adrenal glands that results in a deficiency of all the
steroid hormones they secrete.
B) adrenal gland destruction caused by tuberculosis; viral, bacterial, or fungal infections;
or cancer of the adrenal gland.
C) acute hypertension and overhydration due to excess sodium reabsorption.
D) decreased cortisol secretion secondary to a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone
secretion from the pituitary gland. - Answer-D
The MOST common cause of Addisonian crisis is:
A) overwhelming stress.
B) a severe acute infectious process.
C) abrupt termination of corticosteroid use.
D) acute failure of one or both of the adrenal glands. - Answer-C
The chief clinical manifestation of Addisonian crisis is:
A) shock.
B) dehydration.
C) lower back pain.
D) an elevated temperature. - Answer-A
Which of the following would MOST likely cause Cushing syndrome?
A) Abrupt termination of steroids such as prednisone and hydrocortisone
B) Administration of large amounts of methylprednisolone to an asthma patient
C) An acute decrease in cortisol secretion secondary to an infection or malignancy
