Microbial Growth and Control Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed

Microbial Growth and Control Exam Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025 Already Passed Nutrition - Answers chemical substances are acquired from the environment and used in cellular activities is known as what Essential nutrients - Answers cannot be formed by an organism, must be supplied Macronutrients - Answers Proteins, carbohydrates. Required in large quantities and plays a principal role in cell structure and metabolism Inorganic nutrients - Answers An atom or molecule that contains a combination of atoms other than carbon and hydrogen Heterotrophs - Answers must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms Autotroph - Answers uses CO2 an inorganic gas as its carbon source, not nutritionally dependent on other living things Growth factors - Answers must be provided as nutrient Essential amino acids, vitamins Chemical compounds, inorganic compounds - Answers Chemotroph Photosynthesis, oxygenic - Answers Phototrophs Saprobes - Answers free-living microorganisms that feed on organic detritus from dead organisms Parasites - Answers derive nutrients from host Endocytosis - Answers brings substances into the cell through a vesicle or phagosome Phagocytosis - Answers ingests substances or cells Temperature, Oxygen requirements, pH, Osmotic pressure, Barometric pressure - Answers Environmental Factors That Influence Microbes Psychrophiles - Answers optimum temperature below 15 C; capable of growth at 0 C Mesophiles - Answers optimum temperature 20-40 C; most human pathogens Thermophiles - Answers optimum temperature greater than 45 C Aerobe - Answers utilizes oxygen and can detoxify it Obligate aerobe - Answers Cannot grow without oxygen Facultative anaerobe - Answers utilizes oxygen but can also grow in its absence Microaerophilic - Answers requires only a small amount of oxygen Anaerobe - Answers does not utilize oxygen Obligate anaerobe - Answers lack the enzymes to detoxify oxygen so cannot survive in an oxygen environment Aerotolerant anaerobes - Answers doesn't utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its presence Microbes require - Answers carbon dioxide in their metabolism Capnophile - Answers grows best at higher CO2 tensions than normally present in the atmosphere ph - Answers 6-8 Acidophiles - Answers grow at extreme acid pH (below 7) Alkalinophiles - Answers grow at extreme alkaline pH (above 7) Most microbes:exist - Answers under hypotonic or isotonic conditions Halophiles - Answers require a high concentration of salt Osmotolerant - Answers doesn't require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs Barophiles - Answers extreme pressure and will rupture if exposed to normal atmospheric pressure Symbiotic - Answers two organisms live together in a close partnership Mutualism - Answers both members benefit Commensalism - Answers one member benefits, other member neither harmed nor benefited Parasitism - Answers dependent and benefits; host is harmed Synergism - Answers members cooperate to produce a result that none of them could do alone Antagonism - Answers actions of one organism affect the success or survival of others in the same community (competition) Normal microbial flora - Answers rich habitat for symbiotic bacteria, fungi, and a few protozoa Quorum sensing - Answers Communicate and cooperate in the formation and function of biofilms Binary fission - Answers Division of bacterial cells generation/doubling time - Answers Time required for a complete fission cycle is called, exponential growth Growth curve - Answers predictable pattern over time