Research Methods In Psychology: Evaluating a World of Information Chapter 10

Research Methods In Psychology: Evaluating a World of Information Chapter 10 experiment - Correct Answers a study in which one variable is manipulated and the other is measured manipulated variable - Correct Answers a variable in an experiment that a researcher controls, such as by assigning participants to its different levels (values) measured variable - Correct Answers a variable in an experiment whose levels (values) are observed and recorded independent variable - Correct Answers a variable that is manipulated in an experiment. In a multiple-regression analysis, a predictor variable used to explain variance in the criterion variable condition - Correct Answers one of the levels of the independent variable in an experiment dependent variable - Correct Answers in an experiment, the variable that is measured. In a multiple regression analysis, the single outcome, or criterion variable, the researchers are most interested in understanding or predicting control variable - Correct Answers a potential variable that an experimenter holds constant on purpose comparison group - Correct Answers a group in an experiment whose level on the independent variable differs from those of the treatment group in some intended and meaningful way control group - Correct Answers a level of an independent variable that is intended to represent "no treatment" or a neutral condition treatment group - Correct Answers the participants in an experiment who are exposed to the level of the independent variable that involves a medication, therapy, or intervention placebo group - Correct Answers a control group that is exposed to an inert treatment confound - Correct Answers a general term for a potential alternative explanation for a research finding (a threat to internal validity). design confound - Correct Answers a threat to internal validity in an experiment in which a second variable happens to vary systematically along with the independent variable and therefore is an alternative explanation for the results. systematic variability - Correct Answers in an experiment, the levels of a variable coinciding in some predictable way with experimental group membership, creating a potential confound unsystematic variability - Correct Answers in an experiment, when levels of a variable fluctuate independently of experimental group membership, contributing to variability within groups selection effect - Correct Answers a threat to internal validity that occurs in an independent-groups design when the kinds of participants at one level of the independent variable are systematically different from those at the other level random assignment - Correct Answers the use of a random method (e.g., flipping a coin) to assign participants into different experimental groups. matched groups - Correct Answers an experimental design technique in which participants who are similar on some measured variable are grouped into sets; the members of each matched set are then randomly assigned to different experimental conditions independent groups design - Correct Answers an experimental design in which different groups of participants are exposed to different levels of the independent variable, such that each participant experiences only one level of the independent variable within-groups design - Correct Answers an experimental design in which each participant is presented with all levels of the independent variable posttest-only design - Correct Answers an experiment using an independent-groups design in which participants are tested on the dependent variable only once pretest-posttest design - Correct Answers an experiment using an independent-groups design in which participants are tested on the key dependent variable twice: once before and once after exposure to the independent variable.