Exam 3 Personality Psychology: Chapter 14
Personality Processes UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - CORRECT ANSWER - •Stimuli that
occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response.
•Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviors followed by unpleasant
outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - the change of behavior as a result or function of
experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviorism Definition - CORRECT ANSWER - study of how a person's behavior is a
direct result of his environment, particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment
contains
Components of Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - - people should be studied from the
outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
, Behaviorism: People should be studied from the outside - CORRECT ANSWER - All
knowledge worth having comes from direct, public observation; introspection is not valid
because it cannot be verified; environment is what's important.
Behaviorism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - CORRECT ANSWER -
does not include anything that cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.);
internal processes are not seen as important
Behaviorism: Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed - CORRECT
ANSWER - because the causes are in the environment (rewards and punishments in the
physical and social world)
Functional analysis definition - CORRECT ANSWER - determining how behavior is a
function of one's environment
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER - a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated
exposure to something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER - Become numb to
violence displayed in the media: exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - CORRECT ANSWER - (and
there is evidence that this decreases helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not
happier in the long run), and being paralyzed (people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER - the kind of learning in which an
unconditioned response that is naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new,
conditioned stimulus
Personality Processes UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Learning-Based Approaches: Two Simple Ideas - CORRECT ANSWER - •Stimuli that
occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response.
•Behaviors followed by pleasant outcomes tend to be repeated; behaviors followed by unpleasant
outcomes tend to be dropped.
*Stimuli that occur close together in time will come to elicit the same response; for example, air
puffs and a bell ringing will both elicit blinking.*
Learning - CORRECT ANSWER - the change of behavior as a result or function of
experience.
- explain personality in terms of the learning process
- implies everyone should behave the same in the same environment or situation
Behaviorism Definition - CORRECT ANSWER - study of how a person's behavior is a
direct result of his environment, particularly the rewards and punishments that the environment
contains
Components of Behaviorism - CORRECT ANSWER - - people should be studied from the
outside
- personality is the sum of everything a person does
- Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed
- Goal: functional analysis
- Everything a person does and is, is learned though experience
, Behaviorism: People should be studied from the outside - CORRECT ANSWER - All
knowledge worth having comes from direct, public observation; introspection is not valid
because it cannot be verified; environment is what's important.
Behaviorism: Personality is the sum of everything a person does - CORRECT ANSWER -
does not include anything that cannot be directly observed (traits, unconscious conflicts, etc.);
internal processes are not seen as important
Behaviorism: Belief that the causes of behavior can be directly observed - CORRECT
ANSWER - because the causes are in the environment (rewards and punishments in the
physical and social world)
Functional analysis definition - CORRECT ANSWER - determining how behavior is a
function of one's environment
Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER - a decrease in responsiveness with each repeated
exposure to something.
- Simplest form of behavior change
- it can have important consequences
The impact of major life events lessens over time
Important Consequences of Habituation - CORRECT ANSWER - Become numb to
violence displayed in the media: exposure is related to more aggression and less empath
Effects of habitation on happiness or sadness overtime? - CORRECT ANSWER - (and
there is evidence that this decreases helping behavior), winning the lottery (winners are not
happier in the long run), and being paralyzed (people are not less happy in the long run).
Classical Conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER - the kind of learning in which an
unconditioned response that is naturally elicited by one stimulus becomes elicited also by a new,
conditioned stimulus
