NR 324
Adult Health I
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Genetic factors
- B) Smoking
- C) Occupational exposure
- D) Air pollution
- ANS: B) Smoking
©/2025
, - Rationale: Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, as
it leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and
lung tissue.
2. What is the primary treatment goal for patients with
congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A) Increase myocardial oxygen consumption
- B) Decrease preload and afterload
- C) Enhance sodium intake
- D) Promote weight gain
- ANS: B) Decrease preload and afterload
- Rationale: The primary treatment goal for CHF is to
decrease preload and afterload to reduce the workload on the heart
and improve cardiac output.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The most common type of stroke, caused by the obstruction of
a blood vessel supplying the brain, is known as an __________
stroke.
- ANS: ischemic
- Rationale: An ischemic stroke is caused by the obstruction
of a blood vessel, which restricts blood flow to the brain and leads
to tissue damage.
©/2025
,4. __________ is a common complication of long-term diabetes
mellitus, characterized by damage to the nerves.
- ANS: Neuropathy
- Rationale: Neuropathy is a common complication of long-
term diabetes mellitus, resulting from prolonged high blood
glucose levels that damage nerves.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke
in patients.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke
due to the formation of blood clots in the atria, which can travel to
the brain.
6. True or False: Patients with chronic kidney disease should
restrict their dietary potassium intake.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease should
restrict their dietary potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia, as
their kidneys cannot effectively excrete potassium.
©/2025
, Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common signs and symptoms of
myocardial infarction (heart attack)? (Select all that apply)
- A) Chest pain
- B) Dyspnea
- C) Nausea
- D) Hematuria
- ANS: A) Chest pain, B) Dyspnea, C) Nausea
- Rationale: Common signs and symptoms of myocardial
infarction include chest pain, dyspnea, and nausea. Hematuria is
not typically associated with myocardial infarction.
8. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for
managing acute asthma exacerbations? (Select all that apply)
- A) Administering a bronchodilator
- B) Providing supplemental oxygen
- C) Encouraging deep-breathing exercises
- D) Administering a diuretic
- ANS: A) Administering a bronchodilator, B) Providing
supplemental oxygen
©/2025
Adult Health I
Comprehensive Midterms Review (Qns &
Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following is the most common cause of chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Genetic factors
- B) Smoking
- C) Occupational exposure
- D) Air pollution
- ANS: B) Smoking
©/2025
, - Rationale: Smoking is the most common cause of COPD, as
it leads to chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and
lung tissue.
2. What is the primary treatment goal for patients with
congestive heart failure (CHF)?
- A) Increase myocardial oxygen consumption
- B) Decrease preload and afterload
- C) Enhance sodium intake
- D) Promote weight gain
- ANS: B) Decrease preload and afterload
- Rationale: The primary treatment goal for CHF is to
decrease preload and afterload to reduce the workload on the heart
and improve cardiac output.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
3. The most common type of stroke, caused by the obstruction of
a blood vessel supplying the brain, is known as an __________
stroke.
- ANS: ischemic
- Rationale: An ischemic stroke is caused by the obstruction
of a blood vessel, which restricts blood flow to the brain and leads
to tissue damage.
©/2025
,4. __________ is a common complication of long-term diabetes
mellitus, characterized by damage to the nerves.
- ANS: Neuropathy
- Rationale: Neuropathy is a common complication of long-
term diabetes mellitus, resulting from prolonged high blood
glucose levels that damage nerves.
True/False Questions
5. True or False: Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke
in patients.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Atrial fibrillation can increase the risk of stroke
due to the formation of blood clots in the atria, which can travel to
the brain.
6. True or False: Patients with chronic kidney disease should
restrict their dietary potassium intake.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: Patients with chronic kidney disease should
restrict their dietary potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia, as
their kidneys cannot effectively excrete potassium.
©/2025
, Multiple Response Questions
7. Which of the following are common signs and symptoms of
myocardial infarction (heart attack)? (Select all that apply)
- A) Chest pain
- B) Dyspnea
- C) Nausea
- D) Hematuria
- ANS: A) Chest pain, B) Dyspnea, C) Nausea
- Rationale: Common signs and symptoms of myocardial
infarction include chest pain, dyspnea, and nausea. Hematuria is
not typically associated with myocardial infarction.
8. Which of the following interventions are appropriate for
managing acute asthma exacerbations? (Select all that apply)
- A) Administering a bronchodilator
- B) Providing supplemental oxygen
- C) Encouraging deep-breathing exercises
- D) Administering a diuretic
- ANS: A) Administering a bronchodilator, B) Providing
supplemental oxygen
©/2025
