Module 8 Drug Table - Pain and Inflammation 1
Mechanism of
Side Effects
Action Concerns Pt. Education
Class Prototype Drug Adverse
Therapeutic Uses Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Reactions
Pharmacokinetics
• Can slow/stop breathing
• Habit-forming
MA: changes the way Drowsiness Drugs: Ambien, Ativan, • R/o addiction
the brain & nervous Tiredness Benadryl, dilaudid, Flexeril, • Do NOT take while
system respond to Anxiety Haldol, lyrica, gabapentin, pregnant
pain N/V/C acetaminophen, oxycodone, • Do NOT breastfeed
Stomach gain Seroquel, valium, Vicodin, • Never use in larger
Morphine
TR: treatment of Gas Xanax, Zoloft amounts or for longer than
Pure Opioid Meperidine
moderate – severe Sweating prescribed.
Agonists: Methadone
Strong Fentanyl
pain SOB Food: alcohol • Do not crush pill to inhale
Lightheadedness or inject into veins.
Hydromorphone
PK: PO (liquid, Extreme Cx: asthma, blockage in • Do not crush/chew ER
tablets, ER happiness/sadness stomach/intestines, paralytic tablets
tablets/capsules), IV, Bradycardia ileus, liver/kidney disease, • Do NOT drink alcohol
suppositories, Chest pain drug/alcohol addiction, • Avoid driving
epidural Slow breathing urination problems, COPD • Avoid getting up too fast
• Keep Naloxone in case of
overdose
Drugs: Ambien, Benadryl, • Do not use while pregnant
Flexeril, Lasix, Lexapro, • R/O addiction
MA: changes the way Serotonin lyrica, Xanax • Do NOT use with alcohol
the brain & nervous syndrome • Do NOT use more or
system respond to N/V/C Food: alcohol longer than prescribed
Pure Opioid Hydrocodone pain Dizziness • Do not crush/chew ER
Agonists: Oxycodone Drowsiness Cx: asthma, blockage in • Do not crush to inject or
Moderate Codeine TR: treatment of Headache stomach/intestines, head inhale
severe pain Stuffy nose injury, seizures, • Do not stop suddenly after
Sneezing drug/alcohol addiction, long-term use
PK: PO Sore throat liver/kidney disease, • Do not keep leftover meds
urination problems, heart • Keep Naloxone in case of
rhythm disorders overdose
, Module 8 Drug Table - Pain and Inflammation 2
Mechanism of
Side Effects
Action Concerns Pt. Education
Class Prototype Drug Adverse
Therapeutic Uses Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Reactions
Pharmacokinetics
Drugs: nalmefene, loxapine,
amphetamine, methadone, • Healthcare professionals
Black/tarry stool
MA: acts on the CNS baclofen, bupropion, administer
Blistering
to relieve pain mifepristone, morphine • Avoid alcohol
Chest pain
Agonist- Chills • Do NOT use while
TR: treatment for Food: alcohol
Antagonist Pentazocine Cough pregnant
moderate – severe
Opioids
pain
N/V/D/C
Cx: COPD, asthma, head • Habit-forming
Fever • Too much use can cause
injuries, respiratory
SOB infertility
PK: IM, IV, subQ depression, HF, HTN,
seizures, kidney/liver • Can cause anaphylaxis
disease, stomach blockage
• Given ASAP to treat
known/suspected opioid
overdose
• Pt. must receive emergency
care straight away
MA: attaching to • Available without a
N/V/D
opioid receptors to prescription
Stomach pain
reverse & block the • Injection contains 1 dose
Fever Drugs: Droperidol
effects of opioids
Sweating • Pt. on back to administer
Pure Opioid Naloxone
Antagonists (Narcan) TR: reverse opioid
Weakness Cx: heart problems, • Do not put finger on top of
Tachycardia pregnant/breastfeeding, liver device
overdose
HTN disease, septic shock • Slowly insert needle into
Runny nose thigh, push plunger down
PK: IV, IM, nasal
Restless until it clicks and hold for 2
spray
sec.
• Nasal spray contains 1 dose
• Pt. on back to administer
• Insert tip into 1 nostril &
give dose
Mechanism of
Side Effects
Action Concerns Pt. Education
Class Prototype Drug Adverse
Therapeutic Uses Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Reactions
Pharmacokinetics
• Can slow/stop breathing
• Habit-forming
MA: changes the way Drowsiness Drugs: Ambien, Ativan, • R/o addiction
the brain & nervous Tiredness Benadryl, dilaudid, Flexeril, • Do NOT take while
system respond to Anxiety Haldol, lyrica, gabapentin, pregnant
pain N/V/C acetaminophen, oxycodone, • Do NOT breastfeed
Stomach gain Seroquel, valium, Vicodin, • Never use in larger
Morphine
TR: treatment of Gas Xanax, Zoloft amounts or for longer than
Pure Opioid Meperidine
moderate – severe Sweating prescribed.
Agonists: Methadone
Strong Fentanyl
pain SOB Food: alcohol • Do not crush pill to inhale
Lightheadedness or inject into veins.
Hydromorphone
PK: PO (liquid, Extreme Cx: asthma, blockage in • Do not crush/chew ER
tablets, ER happiness/sadness stomach/intestines, paralytic tablets
tablets/capsules), IV, Bradycardia ileus, liver/kidney disease, • Do NOT drink alcohol
suppositories, Chest pain drug/alcohol addiction, • Avoid driving
epidural Slow breathing urination problems, COPD • Avoid getting up too fast
• Keep Naloxone in case of
overdose
Drugs: Ambien, Benadryl, • Do not use while pregnant
Flexeril, Lasix, Lexapro, • R/O addiction
MA: changes the way Serotonin lyrica, Xanax • Do NOT use with alcohol
the brain & nervous syndrome • Do NOT use more or
system respond to N/V/C Food: alcohol longer than prescribed
Pure Opioid Hydrocodone pain Dizziness • Do not crush/chew ER
Agonists: Oxycodone Drowsiness Cx: asthma, blockage in • Do not crush to inject or
Moderate Codeine TR: treatment of Headache stomach/intestines, head inhale
severe pain Stuffy nose injury, seizures, • Do not stop suddenly after
Sneezing drug/alcohol addiction, long-term use
PK: PO Sore throat liver/kidney disease, • Do not keep leftover meds
urination problems, heart • Keep Naloxone in case of
rhythm disorders overdose
, Module 8 Drug Table - Pain and Inflammation 2
Mechanism of
Side Effects
Action Concerns Pt. Education
Class Prototype Drug Adverse
Therapeutic Uses Contraindications Nursing Considerations
Reactions
Pharmacokinetics
Drugs: nalmefene, loxapine,
amphetamine, methadone, • Healthcare professionals
Black/tarry stool
MA: acts on the CNS baclofen, bupropion, administer
Blistering
to relieve pain mifepristone, morphine • Avoid alcohol
Chest pain
Agonist- Chills • Do NOT use while
TR: treatment for Food: alcohol
Antagonist Pentazocine Cough pregnant
moderate – severe
Opioids
pain
N/V/D/C
Cx: COPD, asthma, head • Habit-forming
Fever • Too much use can cause
injuries, respiratory
SOB infertility
PK: IM, IV, subQ depression, HF, HTN,
seizures, kidney/liver • Can cause anaphylaxis
disease, stomach blockage
• Given ASAP to treat
known/suspected opioid
overdose
• Pt. must receive emergency
care straight away
MA: attaching to • Available without a
N/V/D
opioid receptors to prescription
Stomach pain
reverse & block the • Injection contains 1 dose
Fever Drugs: Droperidol
effects of opioids
Sweating • Pt. on back to administer
Pure Opioid Naloxone
Antagonists (Narcan) TR: reverse opioid
Weakness Cx: heart problems, • Do not put finger on top of
Tachycardia pregnant/breastfeeding, liver device
overdose
HTN disease, septic shock • Slowly insert needle into
Runny nose thigh, push plunger down
PK: IV, IM, nasal
Restless until it clicks and hold for 2
spray
sec.
• Nasal spray contains 1 dose
• Pt. on back to administer
• Insert tip into 1 nostril &
give dose
