NURSING 228 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025.
Historical perspective of Nursing practice Correct Answer: -
Healthcare in ancient cultures; illness is evil spirits
-Folk image: presents nurse as a "caring person"
- Religious image: nurses devote lives caring and exhibit selfless
commitment
- Servant image: Influenced development of nursing as a
profession.
Nightingale's contribution to nursing and to the growth and
improvement of nursing education Correct Answer: She was a
positive image for nursing and started up what we know as
modern nursing now. Improved the health of British Soldiers. One
of the early users of statistics, advanced nursing as a profession
Florence Nightingale's Influences and Accomplishments Correct
Answer: - Changed the form and direction of nursing
- set standards for nursing education
- recommendations are valid today
- wrote Notes on Nursing
Accomplishments
1. Demonstrated the value of aseptic techniques and infection
control protection
2. The value of political activism to affect the health care reform
3. Established the first nursing school in England
4. Kept careful statistics
Nightingales Basic Principles of Nursing Education Correct
Answer: -Trained teaching hospitals are associated with medical
school.
- Nurses reside in nurses houses, normally by their clinical
hospital
,- school matron has final authority in: curriculum, living
arrangements, aspects of school
- Education includes theoretical material and practical
experiences
- teachers are paid for instruction
- Records kept on students.
Development and characteristics of the early nursing schools
Correct Answer: Education began shortly after the civil war.
Curriculum fashioned after Nightingale's school in England. Early
programs primarily apprenticeships, with long hours. There were
strong militaristic and religious influences. A nurse in training was
expected to yield to her superiors by demonstrating the obedience
characteristic of a good soldier.
Impact wars and conflicts have has on nursing and nursing
education Correct Answer: Played an important role in the care of
the wounded.
- Over the years, nursing has taken over an increasingly important
role
American Revolution in Nursing Correct Answer: development of
dispensaries; first place to a vaccine against smallpox as
preventative medicine
Red Cross and Nursing Correct Answer: Born during the Spanish
War. Clara Barton was credited with founding
1901 and nursing Correct Answer: Army nurse corps established
1908 and nursing Correct Answer: navy nurse corps established
WW1 and the 1920's in nursing Correct Answer: -advances in
medical care and public health.
-improved hospital care and surgical techniques
-environmental conditions improved
-nurses won the right to vote in 1919 in WW2 because of their
role in the war.
-Gi Bill enacted to expand nursing education for Bachelor's and
masters degree programs after serving
- Fighting Nursing came into existence
, Korean and Vietnam Wars Correct Answer: Developed triage and
surgery with mass units. (Mobile army surgical hospitals)
Decreasing mortality rates was really important
Newman Correct Answer: Major theme: The system approach;
FLEXIBILITY
- focuses on the response of the client system to actual or
potential environmental stressors and the use of Nursing
Prevention interventions for attaining, retaining, and maintaining
optimal client systems wellness.
- Nursing responds to individuals, groups, and communities, who
are in constant interaction with environmental stressors that
create disequilibrium
Nightingale Correct Answer: Major theme: environment and
sanitation
-influences that directed her toward a nursing theory of class
education, upper-class life, religion, and spirituality.
- the goal of nursing is to put the client in the best condition for
nature to act upon him
Orem Correct Answer: Major theme: self-care deficit model:
Selfcare, self-care deficits and nursing systems
- facilitates client self-care
-nurse implements appropriate measures to assist the client in
meeting the needs
-Nursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care
action.
Peplau Correct Answer: Major theme: interpersonal relations as a
nursing process
- explored the interpersonal relationship of the nurse and client.
- identified the client's feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes
related to health and wellness.
Rogers Correct Answer: Major themes: the science of unitary
human beings. Humans as energy fields that interact constantly
with the environment
- science of unitary man- art and science
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025.
Historical perspective of Nursing practice Correct Answer: -
Healthcare in ancient cultures; illness is evil spirits
-Folk image: presents nurse as a "caring person"
- Religious image: nurses devote lives caring and exhibit selfless
commitment
- Servant image: Influenced development of nursing as a
profession.
Nightingale's contribution to nursing and to the growth and
improvement of nursing education Correct Answer: She was a
positive image for nursing and started up what we know as
modern nursing now. Improved the health of British Soldiers. One
of the early users of statistics, advanced nursing as a profession
Florence Nightingale's Influences and Accomplishments Correct
Answer: - Changed the form and direction of nursing
- set standards for nursing education
- recommendations are valid today
- wrote Notes on Nursing
Accomplishments
1. Demonstrated the value of aseptic techniques and infection
control protection
2. The value of political activism to affect the health care reform
3. Established the first nursing school in England
4. Kept careful statistics
Nightingales Basic Principles of Nursing Education Correct
Answer: -Trained teaching hospitals are associated with medical
school.
- Nurses reside in nurses houses, normally by their clinical
hospital
,- school matron has final authority in: curriculum, living
arrangements, aspects of school
- Education includes theoretical material and practical
experiences
- teachers are paid for instruction
- Records kept on students.
Development and characteristics of the early nursing schools
Correct Answer: Education began shortly after the civil war.
Curriculum fashioned after Nightingale's school in England. Early
programs primarily apprenticeships, with long hours. There were
strong militaristic and religious influences. A nurse in training was
expected to yield to her superiors by demonstrating the obedience
characteristic of a good soldier.
Impact wars and conflicts have has on nursing and nursing
education Correct Answer: Played an important role in the care of
the wounded.
- Over the years, nursing has taken over an increasingly important
role
American Revolution in Nursing Correct Answer: development of
dispensaries; first place to a vaccine against smallpox as
preventative medicine
Red Cross and Nursing Correct Answer: Born during the Spanish
War. Clara Barton was credited with founding
1901 and nursing Correct Answer: Army nurse corps established
1908 and nursing Correct Answer: navy nurse corps established
WW1 and the 1920's in nursing Correct Answer: -advances in
medical care and public health.
-improved hospital care and surgical techniques
-environmental conditions improved
-nurses won the right to vote in 1919 in WW2 because of their
role in the war.
-Gi Bill enacted to expand nursing education for Bachelor's and
masters degree programs after serving
- Fighting Nursing came into existence
, Korean and Vietnam Wars Correct Answer: Developed triage and
surgery with mass units. (Mobile army surgical hospitals)
Decreasing mortality rates was really important
Newman Correct Answer: Major theme: The system approach;
FLEXIBILITY
- focuses on the response of the client system to actual or
potential environmental stressors and the use of Nursing
Prevention interventions for attaining, retaining, and maintaining
optimal client systems wellness.
- Nursing responds to individuals, groups, and communities, who
are in constant interaction with environmental stressors that
create disequilibrium
Nightingale Correct Answer: Major theme: environment and
sanitation
-influences that directed her toward a nursing theory of class
education, upper-class life, religion, and spirituality.
- the goal of nursing is to put the client in the best condition for
nature to act upon him
Orem Correct Answer: Major theme: self-care deficit model:
Selfcare, self-care deficits and nursing systems
- facilitates client self-care
-nurse implements appropriate measures to assist the client in
meeting the needs
-Nursing is concerned with the individual's need for self-care
action.
Peplau Correct Answer: Major theme: interpersonal relations as a
nursing process
- explored the interpersonal relationship of the nurse and client.
- identified the client's feelings as a predictor of positive outcomes
related to health and wellness.
Rogers Correct Answer: Major themes: the science of unitary
human beings. Humans as energy fields that interact constantly
with the environment
- science of unitary man- art and science
