Modalities Exam 3 Questions & Answers

What unit is used to express the relationship between voltage and amperage? - ANSWERSWattage What type of electrical current is identified by the fact that electrons flow in one direction only? - ANSWERSDirect Current Why is neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) able to provide stronger neuromuscular stimulation than other forms of stimulation? - ANSWERSLong phase duration When examining the pulse characteristics, what is the most important factor when determining what type of tissue will be stimulated? - ANSWERSPhase duration What is an indication for the use of iontophoresis? - ANSWERSChronic inflammation What are the correct pain control parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment targeting a Gate-Theory pain relief strategy? - ANSWERSHigh pulse frequency with sensory level stimulation What is Ohm's Law? - ANSWERSV=IR When examining the attributes of the pulse, what will lead to an increase in the total charge of the pulse? - ANSWERSDecrease in pulse duration When using an alternating current, how many times would a current of 100 Hz change its direction of flow in two seconds? - ANSWERS200 What property of electrical current identifies the maximum distance that the pulse rises above or below the isoelectric point? - ANSWERSAmplitude What type has the strongest evidence for use to remove edema? - ANSWERSMotor-level stimulation When targeting superficial tissues, how should you place the electrodes? - ANSWERSCloser together What type of electrical current is primarily used for neuromuscular reeducation and strength augmentation? - ANSWERSNeuromuscular electrical stimulation (VMS, Russian) What stimulation level has an intensity that is 10% below the intensity that produces a visible muscle contraction? - ANSWERSSensory-level stimulation If a patient is receiving neuromuscular stimulation with a duty cycle 10/50, for 20 minutes, what is true for muscle activation? - ANSWERSThis duty cycle will be advantageous for improving muscle activation and limiting atrophy With monophasic current what is synonymous with Phase - ANSWERSPulse What type of electrical interference occurs when two electrical currents are fully out of phase, meaning the wavelengths are equal, but one current is at it's peak when the other is at 0? - ANSWERSDestructive interference Which is true regarding electrically induced muscle contractions? - ANSWERSContractions and recruitment are synchronous When preparing the patient for a pain-control technique with electrical stimulation, one should ask about caffeine intake. The effectiveness of electrical stimulation on pain control is diminished after how many milligrams of caffeine have been ingested? - ANSWERS200 A monopolar electrode setup is characterized by - ANSWERSOne active electrode and one larger dispersive elctrode originating from the same channel What best describes habituation? - ANSWERSThe CNS process one experiences everyday of filtering out a continuous, nonmeaningful stimuli Which of the following represents a wound healing effect under the cathode, negative pole, while using direct current or high-volt pulsed stimulation? - ANSWERSFibroblast proliferation Most effects of electrical stimulation are the direct result of stimulation to what? - ANSWERSSensory nerves What type of electrical interference does interferential use? - ANSWERSContinuous interference What output modulation of interferential stimulation is analogous to the number of cycles per second? - ANSWERSBeat frequency What electrical current frequency will experience the least capacitive skin resistance? - ANSWERS5000 Hz The primary purpose of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is to control pain by depolarizing what nerves? - ANSWERSSensory, motor, and nociceptive What three things affect a nerve's response to electrical stimulation - ANSWERSDiameter of the nerve, Depth of the nerve, Phase duration of the current What electrotherapy agent strictly uses a quadripolar setup? - ANSWERSInterferential Consider the principles of electrical stimulation and select the most accurate statement about electricity - ANSWERSElectrical current will flow from high electron concentration to an area of low electron concentration What is a proper indication for use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation? - ANSWERSPrevention of joint contractures What electrical stimulation parameters would you select if you wanted to stimulate the biceps and triceps in an alternating manner? - ANSWERSReciprocate What is the unit of potential difference and represents the amount of work required to move one coulomb of charge? - ANSWERSVolt What conditions would allow the flow of electrical current? - ANSWERSClosed circuit What best describes accommodation? - ANSWERSA nerves rate of depolarization decreases while the stimulus remains constant What type of current does TENS use? - ANSWERSPhasic What are the correct pain control parameters of an electrical stimulation treatment meant to trigger the release of ?-endorphins? - ANSWERSLow-pulse frequency with motor-level stimulation Prior to summation, at what pulse frequency are individual muscle contractions distinguishable? - ANSWERS10 What type of current does high-voltage pulsed stimulation use? - ANSWERSMonophasic Electrical stimulation has little to no effect on what? - ANSWERSInflammatory process