NURS6202
Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Autoimmune destruction of alveoli
- B) Long-term exposure to irritants leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction
- C) Genetic mutations leading to cyst formation in the lungs
- D) Viral infections causing bronchiolitis
- ANS: B) Long-term exposure to irritants leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: COPD is primarily caused by long-term
exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke, leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction.
2. What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?
- A) Hemorrhage in the brain
- B) Blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus or
embolus
- C) Genetic mutations
- D) Inflammatory response in the brain
- ANS: B) Blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus
or embolus
- Rationale: Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of
blood flow to the brain by a thrombus (blood clot) or embolus,
leading to tissue damage due to lack of oxygen.
3. Which hormone is primarily involved in the pathophysiology
of diabetes insipidus?
- A) Insulin
- B) Cortisol
- C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D) Thyroxine
- ANS: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a
deficiency or resistance to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading
to excessive urination and thirst.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma
involves ________.
- ANS: Inflammation of the airways
- Rationale: Asthma is primarily characterized by
inflammation of the airways, leading to bronchoconstriction and
airflow obstruction.
5. The ________ is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: Glomerulus
- Rationale: The glomerulus is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis, leading to impaired kidney function and
proteinuria.
6. In heart failure, the ________ mechanism is activated to
compensate for decreased cardiac output.
- ANS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- Rationale: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) is activated in heart failure to compensate for decreased
©2024/2025
, cardiac output by increasing blood volume and vascular
resistance.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
8. True or False: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by decreased
levels of thyroid hormones.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased
levels of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight
loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia.
9. True or False: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system
attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous
system.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
Advanced Pathophysiology
Comprehensive Finals Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
- A) Autoimmune destruction of alveoli
- B) Long-term exposure to irritants leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction
- C) Genetic mutations leading to cyst formation in the lungs
- D) Viral infections causing bronchiolitis
- ANS: B) Long-term exposure to irritants leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: COPD is primarily caused by long-term
exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke, leading to airway
inflammation and alveolar destruction.
2. What is the primary cause of ischemic stroke?
- A) Hemorrhage in the brain
- B) Blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus or
embolus
- C) Genetic mutations
- D) Inflammatory response in the brain
- ANS: B) Blockage of blood flow to the brain by a thrombus
or embolus
- Rationale: Ischemic stroke is caused by the blockage of
blood flow to the brain by a thrombus (blood clot) or embolus,
leading to tissue damage due to lack of oxygen.
3. Which hormone is primarily involved in the pathophysiology
of diabetes insipidus?
- A) Insulin
- B) Cortisol
- C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- D) Thyroxine
- ANS: C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
©2024/2025
, - Rationale: Diabetes insipidus is characterized by a
deficiency or resistance to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading
to excessive urination and thirst.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
4. The primary pathophysiological mechanism of asthma
involves ________.
- ANS: Inflammation of the airways
- Rationale: Asthma is primarily characterized by
inflammation of the airways, leading to bronchoconstriction and
airflow obstruction.
5. The ________ is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis.
- ANS: Glomerulus
- Rationale: The glomerulus is the primary site of damage in
glomerulonephritis, leading to impaired kidney function and
proteinuria.
6. In heart failure, the ________ mechanism is activated to
compensate for decreased cardiac output.
- ANS: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
- Rationale: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
(RAAS) is activated in heart failure to compensate for decreased
©2024/2025
, cardiac output by increasing blood volume and vascular
resistance.
True/False Questions
7. True or False: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
- ANS: True
- Rationale: In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system
attacks the synovial membrane, leading to joint inflammation and
damage.
8. True or False: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by decreased
levels of thyroid hormones.
- ANS: False
- Rationale: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased
levels of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms such as weight
loss, heat intolerance, and tachycardia.
9. True or False: In multiple sclerosis, the immune system
attacks the myelin sheath of nerve fibers in the central nervous
system.
- ANS: True
©2024/2025
