1. What is the primary purpose of using a wall filter in Doppler
ultrasound?
A. To eliminate high-velocity signals b) To reduce noise from
slow-moving structures c) To enhance color fill-in d) To increase
imaging depth Answer: b) To reduce noise from slow-moving
structures Rationale: Wall filters remove low-frequency signals
caused by vessel walls or slow-moving blood.
2. What is the normal response of peripheral arteries to exercise?
A. Increased resistance b) Decreased resistance c) Decreased flow
velocity d) Reversed flow Answer: b) Decreased resistance
Rationale: Exercise causes vasodilation, reducing resistance and
increasing blood flow.
3. What is the role of color Doppler imaging?
A. To assess vessel wall thickness b) To identify flow direction
and patterns c) To measure velocity accurately d) To assess
cardiac function Answer: b) To identify flow direction and
patterns Rationale: Color Doppler provides a qualitative view of
blood flow direction and turbulence.
4. What is the primary function of hydrostatic pressure in venous
hemodynamics?
,A. To promote venous return b) To equalize blood pressure c) To
oppose venous return d) To regulate valve function Answer: c) To
oppose venous return Rationale: Hydrostatic pressure increases
with standing and opposes venous return, making muscle pumps
critical.
5. Which of the following best describes hemodynamically
significant stenosis?
A. Reduction in flow velocity by 30% b) Pressure drop distal to
stenosis c) Equal velocities pre- and post-stenosis d) Increased
wall thickness Answer: b) Pressure drop distal to stenosis
Rationale: Hemodynamically significant stenosis leads to reduced
pressure and flow downstream.
6. Which ultrasound parameter is primarily used to measure blood
flow velocity?
A. Gain settings b) Pulse repetition frequency c) Doppler shift d)
Wall filter Answer: c) Doppler shift Rationale: Doppler shift is the
change in frequency that occurs when sound waves interact with
moving blood cells, allowing for velocity measurement.
7. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
, 8. Which artery supplies blood to the foot via the plantar arch?
A. Anterior tibial artery b) Posterior tibial artery c) Popliteal
artery d) Peroneal artery Answer: b) Posterior tibial artery
Rationale: The posterior tibial artery contributes to the plantar
arch, supplying blood to the foot.
9. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
10. Which imaging plane is most commonly used for measuring
intima-media thickness (IMT)?
A. Longitudinal b) Transverse c) Oblique d) Coronal Answer: a)
Longitudinal Rationale: IMT is measured in the longitudinal plane
to assess arterial wall thickness accurately.
11. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
A. Basilic vein b) Great saphenous vein c) Small saphenous vein d)
Cephalic vein
ultrasound?
A. To eliminate high-velocity signals b) To reduce noise from
slow-moving structures c) To enhance color fill-in d) To increase
imaging depth Answer: b) To reduce noise from slow-moving
structures Rationale: Wall filters remove low-frequency signals
caused by vessel walls or slow-moving blood.
2. What is the normal response of peripheral arteries to exercise?
A. Increased resistance b) Decreased resistance c) Decreased flow
velocity d) Reversed flow Answer: b) Decreased resistance
Rationale: Exercise causes vasodilation, reducing resistance and
increasing blood flow.
3. What is the role of color Doppler imaging?
A. To assess vessel wall thickness b) To identify flow direction
and patterns c) To measure velocity accurately d) To assess
cardiac function Answer: b) To identify flow direction and
patterns Rationale: Color Doppler provides a qualitative view of
blood flow direction and turbulence.
4. What is the primary function of hydrostatic pressure in venous
hemodynamics?
,A. To promote venous return b) To equalize blood pressure c) To
oppose venous return d) To regulate valve function Answer: c) To
oppose venous return Rationale: Hydrostatic pressure increases
with standing and opposes venous return, making muscle pumps
critical.
5. Which of the following best describes hemodynamically
significant stenosis?
A. Reduction in flow velocity by 30% b) Pressure drop distal to
stenosis c) Equal velocities pre- and post-stenosis d) Increased
wall thickness Answer: b) Pressure drop distal to stenosis
Rationale: Hemodynamically significant stenosis leads to reduced
pressure and flow downstream.
6. Which ultrasound parameter is primarily used to measure blood
flow velocity?
A. Gain settings b) Pulse repetition frequency c) Doppler shift d)
Wall filter Answer: c) Doppler shift Rationale: Doppler shift is the
change in frequency that occurs when sound waves interact with
moving blood cells, allowing for velocity measurement.
7. Which artery is evaluated during a transcranial Doppler exam?
A. Carotid artery b) Middle cerebral artery c) Radial artery d)
Subclavian artery Answer: b) Middle cerebral artery Rationale:
Transcranial Doppler evaluates intracranial arteries like the
middle cerebral artery.
, 8. Which artery supplies blood to the foot via the plantar arch?
A. Anterior tibial artery b) Posterior tibial artery c) Popliteal
artery d) Peroneal artery Answer: b) Posterior tibial artery
Rationale: The posterior tibial artery contributes to the plantar
arch, supplying blood to the foot.
9. Which of the following Doppler findings is consistent with an
arteriovenous fistula?
A. Low resistance, high-velocity flow b) High resistance, low-
velocity flow c) Monophasic flow with no turbulence d) Biphasic
flow with delayed acceleration Answer: a) Low resistance, high-
velocity flow Rationale: Arteriovenous fistulas create a low-
resistance pathway, resulting in high-velocity flow.
10. Which imaging plane is most commonly used for measuring
intima-media thickness (IMT)?
A. Longitudinal b) Transverse c) Oblique d) Coronal Answer: a)
Longitudinal Rationale: IMT is measured in the longitudinal plane
to assess arterial wall thickness accurately.
11. Which vein is commonly used for bypass grafting during a
lower extremity arterial bypass?
A. Basilic vein b) Great saphenous vein c) Small saphenous vein d)
Cephalic vein
