2025 MIDTERM 2 ARKY 325 || ALREADY GRADED A+.
The Aegean correct answers - Bronze Age societies 3000 BC
*- Trade
- wine, oil, textiles ceramics
- gold, silver, copper and tin on some islands
Mainland Greece correct answers *- Clear evidence of social complexity in the Peloponnese
Peninsula and the Cycladic Islands
- the House of Tiles
*- mud brick building, enclosed walls, circular towers
- terracotta roof
Franchthi Cave, Greece correct answers - occupied by hunter gatherers from the end of the Ice
Age
- earliest evidence of farming Europe
- fish for tuna near Melos
*- domestication introduced from Turkey SW Asia
- Obsidian
- boats
Chalcolithic correct answers - Copper Age
- end of neolithic
Aegean Bronze Age Civilizations correct answers - The Minoans
- The Mycenaeans
- influenced each other
Minoan correct answers - rulers ruled from palaces
- not fortified
- Crete (protected by ships)
- core was a palace
Mycenaeans correct answers *- hilltop fortresses or citadels interconnected by roads
- rulers ruled, died and were buried in citadels (warrior kings)
- core was a palace
The Aegean Early Bronze Age correct answers - period prior to the construction of Minoan
palaces
- early Minoan
- dagger with a handle
- produce copper alloys
- import material
- start to see individuals able to afford more expensive things
- Emerging elite
- communal burials (circular stone-built tholos tombs)
,- built by families
- objects placed in tombs varied
Crete correct answers - Mountains
- narrow coastal plains
- central location for trade
Minoan Trade correct answers - seafaring people
- Ancient Egypt and Near East
Knossos correct answers - large town during the Neolithic
- fertile plain
- lots of settlements
- possibly large kingdoms
Early Bronze Age settlements correct answers On Crete
- small villages
Knossos, Phaistos, and Mallia
- houses with open central courts
Pre-palace
- palace based structures
All places had trade contact with the Near East and Egypt
- cylinder seals, faience, scarabs
House of Tiles correct answers - sealings were found at this site
- tiles
- personal signatures
Cyclades Early Bronze Age correct answers Cyclades
- rich in metals
- islands forming a circle
- Delos
- central sacred island
Cycladic Islands correct answers *- beginning of social complexity
- large cemetery
- pottery objects called "Frying Pans"
- longboats and decoration
- emphasis on trade and piracy
Cyclades marble correct answers - Very skilled production of marble statues
- know with ritualistic
- placed in grave
- azurite, iron ores and cinnabar
- early bronze age
,Keros marble correct answers - Keros is a barren island
- huge number of marble figurines
- nearby islet is a site with rectangular houses
- place of pilgrimage from other islands of those coming to Kavos
Middle Bronze Age: The Palace Period correct answers - Minoan civilization
- Palaces appear
- unclear what palaces were
- Like Harappa
- no representation of ruler in art or monuments
Sir Arther Evans correct answers - did not discover Knossos
- Kalokairinos was the first to excavate
- second to excavate
- coined the term Minoan
- created a lot of fantasy
- did a lot for Aegean as well
Evans' Fantasy correct answers - hires a Dutch architect with no archaeological training to
reconstruct parts of Knossos according to Evans' vision
- Throne room
- due to chair found
- French artists created scenes on the walls
- Queen's megaron with paintings of dolphins
- how to not do conservation
The Minoans correct answers - Evans named the civilization after Cretan legendary King Minos
- powerful navy
- Minos kept a minotaur in his labyrinth
- Minos defeated the Athenians
- Minotaur is slain by Theseus
Knossos Middle Bronze Age correct answers - buildings were constructed to withstand
earthquakes
- main floor was built with rubble faced with ashlar
*- water system
- pipes and drainage
- hypocaust system to heat floors
- room functions
- storage 1/3 of the sight
- production and agricultural surplus
- central courtyard
- heart of palace
- bull leaping, feasting, public event
- bull leaping
- frescoes
, - Wall frescoes characterize palace
- 3 bands painted
- gifts brought to goddess
- ritual rooms
- architecture marked celestial events
- impossible to know specific function
- double headed axe (god of function)
Nature of the Minoan state correct answers Three possibilities
- Knossos was the capital of Crete
- Competing city states in which palace-based public ceremonies played an important role
- Palaces were built to promote cohesion of many corporate groups
Archaeological Evidence of Crete correct answers - the number of contemporary palaces
supports a Crete divided into several separate political units centered around a palace
- Colin Renfrew
- competition
- in debt of one another through throwing partying and giving gifts
- not a lot of warfare
Non-palace settlements correct answers = towns
- other Minoan towns had no palace nearby or very small palaces (governor's residence)
- local administration
Villas correct answers - Smaller than palaces but with many of the luxury and ritual elements
- Nirou Khani has bronze double axes and an alter
- administrative centers with storage
- residence of local lord or official
- Frescoes
Minoan Writing correct answers - large number of clay tablets at Knossos
- Three scripts
- Hieroglyphic
- Linear A
- Linear B
Linear A Minoans correct answers *- undeciphered
- 90 symbols
- Shares about 80 % of Linear B
- Linear B is by the Mycenaean
- Developed on Crete
Linear B Mycenaeans correct answers - Deciphered by Michael Ventris
- Adapted from linear A
- Syllabary
The Aegean correct answers - Bronze Age societies 3000 BC
*- Trade
- wine, oil, textiles ceramics
- gold, silver, copper and tin on some islands
Mainland Greece correct answers *- Clear evidence of social complexity in the Peloponnese
Peninsula and the Cycladic Islands
- the House of Tiles
*- mud brick building, enclosed walls, circular towers
- terracotta roof
Franchthi Cave, Greece correct answers - occupied by hunter gatherers from the end of the Ice
Age
- earliest evidence of farming Europe
- fish for tuna near Melos
*- domestication introduced from Turkey SW Asia
- Obsidian
- boats
Chalcolithic correct answers - Copper Age
- end of neolithic
Aegean Bronze Age Civilizations correct answers - The Minoans
- The Mycenaeans
- influenced each other
Minoan correct answers - rulers ruled from palaces
- not fortified
- Crete (protected by ships)
- core was a palace
Mycenaeans correct answers *- hilltop fortresses or citadels interconnected by roads
- rulers ruled, died and were buried in citadels (warrior kings)
- core was a palace
The Aegean Early Bronze Age correct answers - period prior to the construction of Minoan
palaces
- early Minoan
- dagger with a handle
- produce copper alloys
- import material
- start to see individuals able to afford more expensive things
- Emerging elite
- communal burials (circular stone-built tholos tombs)
,- built by families
- objects placed in tombs varied
Crete correct answers - Mountains
- narrow coastal plains
- central location for trade
Minoan Trade correct answers - seafaring people
- Ancient Egypt and Near East
Knossos correct answers - large town during the Neolithic
- fertile plain
- lots of settlements
- possibly large kingdoms
Early Bronze Age settlements correct answers On Crete
- small villages
Knossos, Phaistos, and Mallia
- houses with open central courts
Pre-palace
- palace based structures
All places had trade contact with the Near East and Egypt
- cylinder seals, faience, scarabs
House of Tiles correct answers - sealings were found at this site
- tiles
- personal signatures
Cyclades Early Bronze Age correct answers Cyclades
- rich in metals
- islands forming a circle
- Delos
- central sacred island
Cycladic Islands correct answers *- beginning of social complexity
- large cemetery
- pottery objects called "Frying Pans"
- longboats and decoration
- emphasis on trade and piracy
Cyclades marble correct answers - Very skilled production of marble statues
- know with ritualistic
- placed in grave
- azurite, iron ores and cinnabar
- early bronze age
,Keros marble correct answers - Keros is a barren island
- huge number of marble figurines
- nearby islet is a site with rectangular houses
- place of pilgrimage from other islands of those coming to Kavos
Middle Bronze Age: The Palace Period correct answers - Minoan civilization
- Palaces appear
- unclear what palaces were
- Like Harappa
- no representation of ruler in art or monuments
Sir Arther Evans correct answers - did not discover Knossos
- Kalokairinos was the first to excavate
- second to excavate
- coined the term Minoan
- created a lot of fantasy
- did a lot for Aegean as well
Evans' Fantasy correct answers - hires a Dutch architect with no archaeological training to
reconstruct parts of Knossos according to Evans' vision
- Throne room
- due to chair found
- French artists created scenes on the walls
- Queen's megaron with paintings of dolphins
- how to not do conservation
The Minoans correct answers - Evans named the civilization after Cretan legendary King Minos
- powerful navy
- Minos kept a minotaur in his labyrinth
- Minos defeated the Athenians
- Minotaur is slain by Theseus
Knossos Middle Bronze Age correct answers - buildings were constructed to withstand
earthquakes
- main floor was built with rubble faced with ashlar
*- water system
- pipes and drainage
- hypocaust system to heat floors
- room functions
- storage 1/3 of the sight
- production and agricultural surplus
- central courtyard
- heart of palace
- bull leaping, feasting, public event
- bull leaping
- frescoes
, - Wall frescoes characterize palace
- 3 bands painted
- gifts brought to goddess
- ritual rooms
- architecture marked celestial events
- impossible to know specific function
- double headed axe (god of function)
Nature of the Minoan state correct answers Three possibilities
- Knossos was the capital of Crete
- Competing city states in which palace-based public ceremonies played an important role
- Palaces were built to promote cohesion of many corporate groups
Archaeological Evidence of Crete correct answers - the number of contemporary palaces
supports a Crete divided into several separate political units centered around a palace
- Colin Renfrew
- competition
- in debt of one another through throwing partying and giving gifts
- not a lot of warfare
Non-palace settlements correct answers = towns
- other Minoan towns had no palace nearby or very small palaces (governor's residence)
- local administration
Villas correct answers - Smaller than palaces but with many of the luxury and ritual elements
- Nirou Khani has bronze double axes and an alter
- administrative centers with storage
- residence of local lord or official
- Frescoes
Minoan Writing correct answers - large number of clay tablets at Knossos
- Three scripts
- Hieroglyphic
- Linear A
- Linear B
Linear A Minoans correct answers *- undeciphered
- 90 symbols
- Shares about 80 % of Linear B
- Linear B is by the Mycenaean
- Developed on Crete
Linear B Mycenaeans correct answers - Deciphered by Michael Ventris
- Adapted from linear A
- Syllabary
