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What do studies indicate about lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT)
individuals?
a. They are more likely to abuse alcohol and drugs than the general population.
b. They are similar to the general population in their use of alcohol and drugs.
c. They are more likely to use drugs but not more likely to use alcohol than others.
d. They are less likely to abuse alcohol and drugs than the general population. - ✔✔A:
They are more likely to abuse alcohol and drugs than the general population. Because
many research instruments do not ask about sexual orientation, very little reliable
information is available on substance abuse among lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB)
individuals. However, research does indicate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transsexual (LGBT) individuals use alcohol and drugs more often than the general
population. They are also more likely than the general population to persist in drinking
heavily into later life and less likely to stop using drugs. On average, members of the
LGBT community also use more kinds of drugs, including those that more profoundly
impair judgment, such as amyl nitrite (poppers), Ecstasy, ketamine (Special K), and
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,gamma hydroxybutyrate. These drugs are frequently used at parties and raves, during
and after which increased risky sexual behavior may lead to human immunodeficiency
virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) or hepatitis infections.
Cultural groups differ in how they view their LGBT members. In Hispanic culture,
matters of sexual orientation tend not to be discussed openly. LGB members of minority
groups often find themselves targets of discrimination within their minority culture and
of racism in the general culture.
What does the term cultural brokering refer to?
a. Immigration and naturalization assistance
b. Financial managers for ethnic and racial minorities
c. Housing services for ethnic and racial minorities
d. Liaison work between cultures to meet needs - ✔✔D: Liaison work between cultures
to meet needs. The culture brokering approach was conceived to mediate the difficult
gap between the needs of foreign-born people and the U.S. health care system. This
model can also help clients with disabilities and impairments. Almost one-sixth of all
U.S. citizens have some functional disability. Of these, more than 30 percent live below
the poverty line, and most expend considerable financial resources on their disability-
related needs. The combination of depression, frequent pain, employment difficulties,
and functional limitations leaves the cognitively and physically disabled vulnerable to
substance abuse. Yet, research reveals, they are less likely to receive effective treatment
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,than those without any disability. Further, many disabled (and other) individuals
struggling with addiction have unidentified learning disabilities that can impair
successful treatment. Even individuals with the same disability may differ in their
functional capabilities and limits. Consequently, treatment providers must carefully
assess these clients and tailor treatments to meet their unique needs.
How do the rates of heavy alcohol use among youth ages twelve to seventeen in rural
areas compare?
a. Double the rates in metropolitan areas
b. Slightly higher than the rates in metropolitan areas
c. About the same as the rates in metropolitan areas
d. Half the rates found in metropolitan areas - ✔✔A: Double the rates in metropolitan
areas. The rate of alcohol use among adults over the age twenty-five is lower in rural
areas than that found in metropolitan areas. However, youth between the ages of
twelve and seventeen have rates of heavy alcohol use that are almost double those in
metropolitan areas. Further, rates of alcohol use and alcoholism among women in rural
areas are higher than rates among women in metropolitan areas. Even so, at least one
study reveals that individuals living in urban settings were treated for substance abuse
more than twice as often as those living in a rural setting. It was concluded that the
stigma of substance abuse treatment and the availability of treatment combined to
substantially limit the treatment rate. Given that 20 percent of the U.S. population lives
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, outside of metropolitan areas, understanding the unique needs of rural populations is
important.
Although homeless individuals are more likely to receive detoxification services than
people not homeless, what percentage will receive full treatment for their alcohol or
substance abuse problems?
a. 15 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 35 percent
d. 45 percent - ✔✔B: 25 percent. In other words, 75 percent will not receive proper
treatment. Although the homeless receive detox services more than three times as often
as people who are not homeless (45 percent vs. 14 percent), this is likely due to
unexpected hospitalizations, psychiatric facility transitioning, and vagrancy and drug
possession arrests that result in an involuntary detox and loose medical supervision. Of
the approximately six hundred thousand homeless at any given time, about 41 percent
are white, 40 percent are African-American, 11 percent are Hispanic, and 8 percent are
Native American—disproportionate minority representation. The homeless may be: (1)
transient—temporarily with others and at high risk of suddenly being on the street; (2)
recently displaced—due to eviction or other financial problems (potentially due to
substance abuse; or (3) chronically homeless—often with severe substance use and
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