ARCL 228 MIDTERM 2 UBC QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Basic forensic lab equipment (8 pts) - Answers- Table or bench
Sink
Heating apparatus
Fume hood
Measuring equipment
Drying rack
Reference casts
Reference books
Measuring equipment for forensic lab ex. (2 pts) - Answers- Spreading calipers (skull
measurements), osteometric boards (for stature determination)
Minimum size of forensic lab table or bench (1 pt) - Answers- 1 by 2 meters (maximum
size for human skeleton)
Security measures in forensic lab (4 pts) - Answers- Chain of custody, restrict access
logging in and out, alarm, remains are separated
Methodological and safety issues of forensic lab (3 pts) - Answers- Security, separation
of evidence units, safety in work environment
Way to ensure separation of evidence units (1 pt) - Answers- Only work on one
skeleton at a time
Personal safety issues of forensic lab work if working with flesh (2 pts) - Answers-
Chemicals, diseases
Safety precautions for forensic lab work (3 pts) - Answers- Up to date vaccinations,
cleaning properly with bleach solution, protective clothing
Steps for preparation of remains (5 pts) - Answers- Examination of soft tissue, bulk soft
tissue removal, disarticulation, residual soft tissue removal, stabilizing remains
Procedure for examination of soft tissue (1 pt) - Answers- record any abrasion or blood
staining on bones
Procedure for bulk soft tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- remove large muscles of torso
and limbs, remove organs
Alternative bulk soft tissue removal method (3 pts) - Answers- Maintaining colony of
dermestid beetles, may take weeks, can be expensive
Tools for bulk tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- Scapul, tissue scissors
, Procedure for residual soft tissue removal (3 pts) - Answers- Water and detergent soak
for a few days, degrease with benzol solution (optional: bleach)
Alternative for residual soft tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- Antiformalent solution
(sodium carbonate, bleaching powder, sodium hydroxide) Can cause bones to
disintegrate
Why is stabilization of remains no longer widely done (1 pt) - Answers- chemicals can
alter bone composition
How to reconstruct remains (2 pts) - Answers- Glue with non-water soluble adhesive,
can still be taken apart if necessary
Procedure for sorting remains (3 pts) - Answers- determine MNI, put bones together by
type separated by left and right, determine age and sex
Procedure for reassembly (3 pts) - Answers- Fit pieces back together, place in
anatomical position, check over
Checking for what in reassembly (3 pts) - Answers- Duplication, consistency in size,
joint surface concurrence
How to inventory remains (3 pts) - Answers- Visual inventory, numerical inventory, state
of skeletal preservation
Key areas for sexual dimorphism (2 pts) - Answers- Pelvis and skull
Population ambiguity of sexual dimorphism means (1 pt) - Answers- Sometimes
different population groups express male and female traits differently
Sexual dimorphism and age (2 pts) - Answers- Older females can have more masculine
traits (lack of estrogen), younger males can have more feminine traits
Accuracy of sex estimation from just pelvis (1 pt) - Answers- 90-95%
Accuracy of sex estimation from just skull (1 pt) - Answers- 80-90%
Accuracy of sex estimation from just long bones (1 pt) - Answers- 80%
Anthroposcopic traits of male pelvis, general (2 pts) - Answers- Larger, more muscle
attachments
Anthroposcopic traits of female pelvis, general (2 pts) - Answers- Small and gracile,
wider for childbirth
Ilium, male and female (2 pts) - Answers- M: high and vertical, F: low and flat
Basic forensic lab equipment (8 pts) - Answers- Table or bench
Sink
Heating apparatus
Fume hood
Measuring equipment
Drying rack
Reference casts
Reference books
Measuring equipment for forensic lab ex. (2 pts) - Answers- Spreading calipers (skull
measurements), osteometric boards (for stature determination)
Minimum size of forensic lab table or bench (1 pt) - Answers- 1 by 2 meters (maximum
size for human skeleton)
Security measures in forensic lab (4 pts) - Answers- Chain of custody, restrict access
logging in and out, alarm, remains are separated
Methodological and safety issues of forensic lab (3 pts) - Answers- Security, separation
of evidence units, safety in work environment
Way to ensure separation of evidence units (1 pt) - Answers- Only work on one
skeleton at a time
Personal safety issues of forensic lab work if working with flesh (2 pts) - Answers-
Chemicals, diseases
Safety precautions for forensic lab work (3 pts) - Answers- Up to date vaccinations,
cleaning properly with bleach solution, protective clothing
Steps for preparation of remains (5 pts) - Answers- Examination of soft tissue, bulk soft
tissue removal, disarticulation, residual soft tissue removal, stabilizing remains
Procedure for examination of soft tissue (1 pt) - Answers- record any abrasion or blood
staining on bones
Procedure for bulk soft tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- remove large muscles of torso
and limbs, remove organs
Alternative bulk soft tissue removal method (3 pts) - Answers- Maintaining colony of
dermestid beetles, may take weeks, can be expensive
Tools for bulk tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- Scapul, tissue scissors
, Procedure for residual soft tissue removal (3 pts) - Answers- Water and detergent soak
for a few days, degrease with benzol solution (optional: bleach)
Alternative for residual soft tissue removal (2 pts) - Answers- Antiformalent solution
(sodium carbonate, bleaching powder, sodium hydroxide) Can cause bones to
disintegrate
Why is stabilization of remains no longer widely done (1 pt) - Answers- chemicals can
alter bone composition
How to reconstruct remains (2 pts) - Answers- Glue with non-water soluble adhesive,
can still be taken apart if necessary
Procedure for sorting remains (3 pts) - Answers- determine MNI, put bones together by
type separated by left and right, determine age and sex
Procedure for reassembly (3 pts) - Answers- Fit pieces back together, place in
anatomical position, check over
Checking for what in reassembly (3 pts) - Answers- Duplication, consistency in size,
joint surface concurrence
How to inventory remains (3 pts) - Answers- Visual inventory, numerical inventory, state
of skeletal preservation
Key areas for sexual dimorphism (2 pts) - Answers- Pelvis and skull
Population ambiguity of sexual dimorphism means (1 pt) - Answers- Sometimes
different population groups express male and female traits differently
Sexual dimorphism and age (2 pts) - Answers- Older females can have more masculine
traits (lack of estrogen), younger males can have more feminine traits
Accuracy of sex estimation from just pelvis (1 pt) - Answers- 90-95%
Accuracy of sex estimation from just skull (1 pt) - Answers- 80-90%
Accuracy of sex estimation from just long bones (1 pt) - Answers- 80%
Anthroposcopic traits of male pelvis, general (2 pts) - Answers- Larger, more muscle
attachments
Anthroposcopic traits of female pelvis, general (2 pts) - Answers- Small and gracile,
wider for childbirth
Ilium, male and female (2 pts) - Answers- M: high and vertical, F: low and flat
