Social Psychology (11th edition) David G. Myers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3yiytv
1. social psychology: the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and
relate to one another.
2. hindsight bias: the tendency to think you could have predicted an outcome after
learning the outcome ("I -knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
3. culture: the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a large
group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
4. social representations: a society's widely held ideas and values, including as-
sumptions and cultural ideologies. These help us make sense of the world.
5. theory: an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events
6. hypothesis: a testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist
between events
7. field research: research done in a natural, real-life setting outside of a laboratory
8. correlational research: the study of the naturally occurring relationships among
variables
9. experimental research: studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by
manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others
(holding them constant).
10. random sampling: survey procedure in which every person in the population
being studied has an equal chance of inclusion. Helps us generalize the population.
11. framing: the way a question or an issue is posed; can influence people's deci-
sions and expressed opinions
12. independent variable(s): the factor(s) that is manipulated/altered by the re-
searcher
13. Dependent variable(s): the factor(s) that is/are measured
14. random assignment: the process of assigning participants to the conditions
of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being given a
condition. Helps us infer cause and effect.
15. mundane realism: degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to
everyday situations.
16. experimental realism: degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its
participants.
17. deception: in research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or
mislead abut the study's methods and purposes.
18. demand characteristics: cues in an experiment that tell the participant what
behavior is expected.
19. informed consent: an ethical principle requiring that research participants be
told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
, Social Psychology (11th edition) David G. Myers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3yiytv
20. debriefing: [In social psychology] the post-experimental explanation of a study
to its participants. Debriefing usually discloses any deception and often queries
participants regarding their understanding and feelings.
21. spotlight effect: the belief that others are paying more attention to our appear-
ance and behavior than they really are.
22. illusion of transparency: the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and
can be easily read by others.
23. self-concept: what we know and believe about ourselves
24. self-schema: beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of
self-relevant information
25. possible selves: images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future
26. social comparison: evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing one-
self with others
27. individualism: the concept of giving priority to oneself over a group, and defin-
ing ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
28. collectivism: giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's
identity accordingly.
29. planning fallacy: the tendency to underestimate how long it will take to com-
plete a task
30. impact bias: overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events
31. dual-attitude system: differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) at-
titudes toward the same subject. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with
education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms
a new habit.
32. immune neglect: the human tendency to underestimate the speed and the
strength of the "psychological immune system", which enables emotional recovery
and resilience after bad things happen.
33. self-esteem: a person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
34. terror management theory: proposes that people exhibit self-protective emo-
tional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural
world views and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their own mortality.
35. self-efficacy: a sense that one is competent and effective
36. locus of control: the extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally
controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside
forces.
37. learned helplessness: the sense of hopelessness and resignation learned
when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events.
38. self-serving bias: the tendency to perceive oneself favorably
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3yiytv
1. social psychology: the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and
relate to one another.
2. hindsight bias: the tendency to think you could have predicted an outcome after
learning the outcome ("I -knew-it-all-along phenomenon)
3. culture: the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes and traditions shared by a large
group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
4. social representations: a society's widely held ideas and values, including as-
sumptions and cultural ideologies. These help us make sense of the world.
5. theory: an integrated set of principles that explain and predict observed events
6. hypothesis: a testable proposition that describes a relationship that may exist
between events
7. field research: research done in a natural, real-life setting outside of a laboratory
8. correlational research: the study of the naturally occurring relationships among
variables
9. experimental research: studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by
manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others
(holding them constant).
10. random sampling: survey procedure in which every person in the population
being studied has an equal chance of inclusion. Helps us generalize the population.
11. framing: the way a question or an issue is posed; can influence people's deci-
sions and expressed opinions
12. independent variable(s): the factor(s) that is manipulated/altered by the re-
searcher
13. Dependent variable(s): the factor(s) that is/are measured
14. random assignment: the process of assigning participants to the conditions
of an experiment such that all persons have the same chance of being given a
condition. Helps us infer cause and effect.
15. mundane realism: degree to which an experiment is superficially similar to
everyday situations.
16. experimental realism: degree to which an experiment absorbs and involves its
participants.
17. deception: in research, an effect by which participants are misinformed or
mislead abut the study's methods and purposes.
18. demand characteristics: cues in an experiment that tell the participant what
behavior is expected.
19. informed consent: an ethical principle requiring that research participants be
told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate.
, Social Psychology (11th edition) David G. Myers
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_3yiytv
20. debriefing: [In social psychology] the post-experimental explanation of a study
to its participants. Debriefing usually discloses any deception and often queries
participants regarding their understanding and feelings.
21. spotlight effect: the belief that others are paying more attention to our appear-
ance and behavior than they really are.
22. illusion of transparency: the illusion that our concealed emotions leak out and
can be easily read by others.
23. self-concept: what we know and believe about ourselves
24. self-schema: beliefs about self that organize and guide the processing of
self-relevant information
25. possible selves: images of what we dream of or dread becoming in the future
26. social comparison: evaluating one's abilities and opinions by comparing one-
self with others
27. individualism: the concept of giving priority to oneself over a group, and defin-
ing ones identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
28. collectivism: giving priority to the goals of one's group and defining one's
identity accordingly.
29. planning fallacy: the tendency to underestimate how long it will take to com-
plete a task
30. impact bias: overestimating the enduring impact of emotion-causing events
31. dual-attitude system: differing implicit (automatic) and explicit (conscious) at-
titudes toward the same subject. Verbalized explicit attitudes may change with
education and persuasion; implicit attitudes change slowly, with practice that forms
a new habit.
32. immune neglect: the human tendency to underestimate the speed and the
strength of the "psychological immune system", which enables emotional recovery
and resilience after bad things happen.
33. self-esteem: a person's overall self-evaluation or sense of self-worth.
34. terror management theory: proposes that people exhibit self-protective emo-
tional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural
world views and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their own mortality.
35. self-efficacy: a sense that one is competent and effective
36. locus of control: the extent to which people perceive outcomes as internally
controllable by their own efforts or as externally controlled by chance or outside
forces.
37. learned helplessness: the sense of hopelessness and resignation learned
when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated bad events.
38. self-serving bias: the tendency to perceive oneself favorably
