1. Which structure is primarily affected in keratoconjunctivitis sicca
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in adults?
A. Trauma
B. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
C. Retinal Detachment
D. Hypertensive Retinopathy
Answer: B) Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Rationale: Neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy often
leads to fragile blood vessels that can rupture, causing vitreous
hemorrhage.
,3. Which condition is characterized by a "beaten metal" appearance of
the cornea?
A. Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
B. Keratoconus
C. Corneal Ulcer
D. Band Keratopathy
Answer: A) Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
Rationale: Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy often presents with a "beaten
metal" appearance due to endothelial cell loss.
4. A 3-year-old child presents with leukocoria. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Congenital Cataract
C. Persistent Fetal Vasculature
D. Coats' Disease
Answer: A) Retinoblastoma
Rationale: Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) is a hallmark of
retinoblastoma, a life-threatening pediatric ocular malignancy.
5. What is the primary function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
A. Light detection
, B. Photoreceptor support
C. Blood supply to the retina
D. Production of aqueous humor
Answer: B) Photoreceptor support
Rationale: The RPE provides metabolic support to photoreceptors and
aids in visual cycle processes.
6. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with xerophthalmia?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: A) Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to xerophthalmia, characterized
by dryness and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea.
7. What is the most common intraocular tumor in adults?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Choroidal Melanoma
C. Metastatic Carcinoma
D. Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Answer: B) Choroidal Melanoma
(dry eye syndrome)?
A. Retina
B. Cornea
C. Meibomian Glands
D. Lacrimal Gland
Answer: D) Lacrimal Gland
Rationale: Dysfunction of the lacrimal gland leads to reduced tear
production, a hallmark of dry eye syndrome.
2. What is the most common cause of vitreous hemorrhage in adults?
A. Trauma
B. Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
C. Retinal Detachment
D. Hypertensive Retinopathy
Answer: B) Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Rationale: Neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy often
leads to fragile blood vessels that can rupture, causing vitreous
hemorrhage.
,3. Which condition is characterized by a "beaten metal" appearance of
the cornea?
A. Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
B. Keratoconus
C. Corneal Ulcer
D. Band Keratopathy
Answer: A) Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
Rationale: Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy often presents with a "beaten
metal" appearance due to endothelial cell loss.
4. A 3-year-old child presents with leukocoria. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Congenital Cataract
C. Persistent Fetal Vasculature
D. Coats' Disease
Answer: A) Retinoblastoma
Rationale: Leukocoria (white pupillary reflex) is a hallmark of
retinoblastoma, a life-threatening pediatric ocular malignancy.
5. What is the primary function of the retinal pigment epithelium
(RPE)?
A. Light detection
, B. Photoreceptor support
C. Blood supply to the retina
D. Production of aqueous humor
Answer: B) Photoreceptor support
Rationale: The RPE provides metabolic support to photoreceptors and
aids in visual cycle processes.
6. Which vitamin deficiency is associated with xerophthalmia?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin C
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin E
Answer: A) Vitamin A
Rationale: Vitamin A deficiency leads to xerophthalmia, characterized
by dryness and keratinization of the conjunctiva and cornea.
7. What is the most common intraocular tumor in adults?
A. Retinoblastoma
B. Choroidal Melanoma
C. Metastatic Carcinoma
D. Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma
Answer: B) Choroidal Melanoma
