NR565 WEEK 5 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
PCNNSpectrumNofNCoverageN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-CombinationNwithNbeta-
lactamaseNinhibitorsNtoNbroadenNtheirNspectrum:Nclavulanate,Nsulbactam,Ntazobactam
PCNNPharmacodynamicsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
InhibitsNtheNbiosynthesisNofNpeptidoglycanNbacterialNcellNwallN(bacterialNcellNwallNsynthesisNinhibitors).
PCNNPharmacokineticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SeveralNareNunstableNinNacid:NdicloxacillinNandNamoxicillin.NWell-
absorbedNfromNGINtract.NBoundNtoNproteinsNw/goodNdistributionNtoNmostNtissues.NSmallNamountNisNmetab
olized,NmostNareNexcretedNasNunchangedNdrugNinNtheNurine.NProbenecidNprolongsNtheNhalf-
lifeNandNincreasesNriskNforNtoxicity
PCNNPharmacotherapeuticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
Severe,NtypeNINallergicNreactionsNtoNcephalosporins,Ncarbapenems,NorNbeta-
lactamaseNinhibitorsNmayNcontraindicateNuseNofNpenicillins.NAlthoughNhistoricallyNcross-
sensitivityNbetweenNpenicillinsNandNtheseNotherNclassesNwasNthoughtNtoNbeNmuchNhigher,NrecentNdataNsug
gestNthatNtheNrateNisNcloserNtoN1%.NPatientsNwithNaNhistoryNofNallergyNtoNotherNsubstancesN(e.g.,NatopicNski
nNconditions)NshouldNalsoNuseNtheseNdrugsNwithNcaution.
PCNNClinicalNIndicationsN&NDosingN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-UsedNforNgram-
negativeNurinaryNandNgastrointestinalN(GI)Npathogens:NE.Ncoli,NProteusNmirabilis,NSalmonella,NsomeNShigell
aNspecies,NandNEnterococcusNfaecalisNGram-
negativeNrespiratoryNpathogens:NMoraxellaNcatarrhalisN(andNHaemophilusNinfluenzaNtypeNB)N
AcuteNBronchitis,NURI,NchronicNbronchitis,NotitisNmedia,Nsinusitis,Npharyngitis,NUTI,NSexuallyNtransmittedNi
nfections,NskinNandNtissueNinfections,Npneumonia,NH.NPylori,NlymeNdisease,NbacterialNendocarditis,NGroupN
BNStrep.NDosingNAdultsNPON250-500mgNq8hrsNorN875mgNq12hr,NChildrenNoverN3monthsN25-
50mg/kg/dayNinNdividedNdoses,NChildrenNhighNdoseN80-
90mg/kg/dayNdividedNintoN2NdividedNdoses.NCommonlyNprescribedNforNinfectionsNseenNinNprimaryNcare.NA
moxicillinNisNfirst-
lineNtherapyNforNotitisNmediaN(AOM)NandNsinusitis.NPCNNisNusedNforNstreptococcalNpharyngitis.NAmoxicillin
/clavulanteNisNfirst-lineNtherapyNforNinfectionNfollowingNbites,NincludingNhuman
PCNNADRsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
MayNcauseNseriousNimmediateNallergicNreactions.NReactionsNoccurNwithinN2NtoN30NminutesNofNadministrati
on.NRash:NmaculopapularNrashNoccursN9%NofNtimeNthatNisNnotNallergicNinNorigin,NappearsN7NtoN10NdaysNinto
, Ntreatment.NGI:Ndiarrhea,NN/V,NadditionNofNclaulanteNincreasesNriskNofNdiarrhea.NFungalNovergrowth.NC.Ndif
ficileNcolitis.NMostNareNpregnancyNCategoryNB
PCNNMonitoringN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-1.NsymptomNreliefN2.NdiarrheaN(C.Ndifficile)N
3.NRenalNfunctionN(ifNprolongedNtherapy)
PCNNPatientNEducationN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-●↓NefficacyNofNoral,N∴useN2ndNcontraceptiveN
●NCompleteNtheNentireNcourseNofNtherapy.N
●TakeNpenicillinNonNemptyNstomachN1NhrNACNorN2NPP.
●TeachNhowNtoNdistinguishNbetweenNallergicNreactionNandNadverseNeffects·
CephalosporinsNSpectrumNofNCoverageN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
CephalosporinsNinhibitNmucopeptideNsynthesisNinNtheNbacterialNcellNwall,NmakingNtheNbacteriumNosmotic
allyNunstable.NAsNwithNpenicillin's,NcephalosporinsNinhibitNPBPsNinvolvedNinNtheNcross-
linkingNofNpeptidoglycansNinNtheNcellNwall.NCephalosporinsNareNusuallyNbactericidal,NdependingNonNorganis
mNsusceptibility,Ndose,NtissueNconcentration,NandNtheNrateNofNorganismNmultiplication.NTheyNareNmostNeff
ectiveNagainstNrapidlyNgrowingNorganismsNformingNcellNwallsNandNwhenNantibioticNconcentrationsNexceedN
theNpathogen'sNMICNforNatNleastN50%NofNtheNdosingNinterval.
CephalosporinsNPharmacodynamicsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SpectrumNofNactivityNisNbasedNonNdrug'sNabilityNtoNpenetrateNcellNwallN&NbindNwithNproteinsNwithinNtheNcy
toplasmicNmembrane;NBroadNSpectrum
CephalosporinsNPharmacokineticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-WellNabsorbedNfromNtheNGINtract
MetabolizedNinNtheNliver,NexcretedNinNtheNurine
CephalosporinsNPharmacotherapeuticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
RenalNfunctionNimpairmentNsignificantlyNaffectsNtheNhalf-
lifeNofNmostNcephalosporins,NandNtheyNmayNalsoNbeNnephrotoxic.NUseNinNtheNpresenceNofNmarkedlyNimpair
edNrenalNfunctionN(creatinineNclearanceN[CCr]N10NtoN50NmL/min)NisNundertakenNwithNextremeNcaution.NOl
derNadultsNandNpatientsNwithNknownNorNsuspectedNrenalNimpairmentNareNmonitoredNcarefullyNpriorNtoNan
dNduringNtherapy.NDosageNadjustmentsNofN50%NareNrecommendedNforNoralNagentsNonlyNafterNtheNglomeru
larNfiltrationNrateN(GFR)NreachesNlessNthanN10NmL/minute,NaNconditionNnotNusuallyNseenNinNprimaryNcareNp
atients.NDrugNFactsNandNComparisonsN(2010)NrecommendsNtitratedNdosageNadjustmentsNforNsomeNcephal
osporinsNforNCCrNlessNthanN30NmL/minute.NDosageNadjustmentsNareNusuallyNnotNrequiredNbasedNonNrenalN
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
PCNNSpectrumNofNCoverageN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-CombinationNwithNbeta-
lactamaseNinhibitorsNtoNbroadenNtheirNspectrum:Nclavulanate,Nsulbactam,Ntazobactam
PCNNPharmacodynamicsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
InhibitsNtheNbiosynthesisNofNpeptidoglycanNbacterialNcellNwallN(bacterialNcellNwallNsynthesisNinhibitors).
PCNNPharmacokineticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SeveralNareNunstableNinNacid:NdicloxacillinNandNamoxicillin.NWell-
absorbedNfromNGINtract.NBoundNtoNproteinsNw/goodNdistributionNtoNmostNtissues.NSmallNamountNisNmetab
olized,NmostNareNexcretedNasNunchangedNdrugNinNtheNurine.NProbenecidNprolongsNtheNhalf-
lifeNandNincreasesNriskNforNtoxicity
PCNNPharmacotherapeuticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
Severe,NtypeNINallergicNreactionsNtoNcephalosporins,Ncarbapenems,NorNbeta-
lactamaseNinhibitorsNmayNcontraindicateNuseNofNpenicillins.NAlthoughNhistoricallyNcross-
sensitivityNbetweenNpenicillinsNandNtheseNotherNclassesNwasNthoughtNtoNbeNmuchNhigher,NrecentNdataNsug
gestNthatNtheNrateNisNcloserNtoN1%.NPatientsNwithNaNhistoryNofNallergyNtoNotherNsubstancesN(e.g.,NatopicNski
nNconditions)NshouldNalsoNuseNtheseNdrugsNwithNcaution.
PCNNClinicalNIndicationsN&NDosingN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-UsedNforNgram-
negativeNurinaryNandNgastrointestinalN(GI)Npathogens:NE.Ncoli,NProteusNmirabilis,NSalmonella,NsomeNShigell
aNspecies,NandNEnterococcusNfaecalisNGram-
negativeNrespiratoryNpathogens:NMoraxellaNcatarrhalisN(andNHaemophilusNinfluenzaNtypeNB)N
AcuteNBronchitis,NURI,NchronicNbronchitis,NotitisNmedia,Nsinusitis,Npharyngitis,NUTI,NSexuallyNtransmittedNi
nfections,NskinNandNtissueNinfections,Npneumonia,NH.NPylori,NlymeNdisease,NbacterialNendocarditis,NGroupN
BNStrep.NDosingNAdultsNPON250-500mgNq8hrsNorN875mgNq12hr,NChildrenNoverN3monthsN25-
50mg/kg/dayNinNdividedNdoses,NChildrenNhighNdoseN80-
90mg/kg/dayNdividedNintoN2NdividedNdoses.NCommonlyNprescribedNforNinfectionsNseenNinNprimaryNcare.NA
moxicillinNisNfirst-
lineNtherapyNforNotitisNmediaN(AOM)NandNsinusitis.NPCNNisNusedNforNstreptococcalNpharyngitis.NAmoxicillin
/clavulanteNisNfirst-lineNtherapyNforNinfectionNfollowingNbites,NincludingNhuman
PCNNADRsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
MayNcauseNseriousNimmediateNallergicNreactions.NReactionsNoccurNwithinN2NtoN30NminutesNofNadministrati
on.NRash:NmaculopapularNrashNoccursN9%NofNtimeNthatNisNnotNallergicNinNorigin,NappearsN7NtoN10NdaysNinto
, Ntreatment.NGI:Ndiarrhea,NN/V,NadditionNofNclaulanteNincreasesNriskNofNdiarrhea.NFungalNovergrowth.NC.Ndif
ficileNcolitis.NMostNareNpregnancyNCategoryNB
PCNNMonitoringN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-1.NsymptomNreliefN2.NdiarrheaN(C.Ndifficile)N
3.NRenalNfunctionN(ifNprolongedNtherapy)
PCNNPatientNEducationN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-●↓NefficacyNofNoral,N∴useN2ndNcontraceptiveN
●NCompleteNtheNentireNcourseNofNtherapy.N
●TakeNpenicillinNonNemptyNstomachN1NhrNACNorN2NPP.
●TeachNhowNtoNdistinguishNbetweenNallergicNreactionNandNadverseNeffects·
CephalosporinsNSpectrumNofNCoverageN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
CephalosporinsNinhibitNmucopeptideNsynthesisNinNtheNbacterialNcellNwall,NmakingNtheNbacteriumNosmotic
allyNunstable.NAsNwithNpenicillin's,NcephalosporinsNinhibitNPBPsNinvolvedNinNtheNcross-
linkingNofNpeptidoglycansNinNtheNcellNwall.NCephalosporinsNareNusuallyNbactericidal,NdependingNonNorganis
mNsusceptibility,Ndose,NtissueNconcentration,NandNtheNrateNofNorganismNmultiplication.NTheyNareNmostNeff
ectiveNagainstNrapidlyNgrowingNorganismsNformingNcellNwallsNandNwhenNantibioticNconcentrationsNexceedN
theNpathogen'sNMICNforNatNleastN50%NofNtheNdosingNinterval.
CephalosporinsNPharmacodynamicsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
SpectrumNofNactivityNisNbasedNonNdrug'sNabilityNtoNpenetrateNcellNwallN&NbindNwithNproteinsNwithinNtheNcy
toplasmicNmembrane;NBroadNSpectrum
CephalosporinsNPharmacokineticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-WellNabsorbedNfromNtheNGINtract
MetabolizedNinNtheNliver,NexcretedNinNtheNurine
CephalosporinsNPharmacotherapeuticsN-NCORRECTNANSWERN-
RenalNfunctionNimpairmentNsignificantlyNaffectsNtheNhalf-
lifeNofNmostNcephalosporins,NandNtheyNmayNalsoNbeNnephrotoxic.NUseNinNtheNpresenceNofNmarkedlyNimpair
edNrenalNfunctionN(creatinineNclearanceN[CCr]N10NtoN50NmL/min)NisNundertakenNwithNextremeNcaution.NOl
derNadultsNandNpatientsNwithNknownNorNsuspectedNrenalNimpairmentNareNmonitoredNcarefullyNpriorNtoNan
dNduringNtherapy.NDosageNadjustmentsNofN50%NareNrecommendedNforNoralNagentsNonlyNafterNtheNglomeru
larNfiltrationNrateN(GFR)NreachesNlessNthanN10NmL/minute,NaNconditionNnotNusuallyNseenNinNprimaryNcareNp
atients.NDrugNFactsNandNComparisonsN(2010)NrecommendsNtitratedNdosageNadjustmentsNforNsomeNcephal
osporinsNforNCCrNlessNthanN30NmL/minute.NDosageNadjustmentsNareNusuallyNnotNrequiredNbasedNonNrenalN
