Pathophysiology: Exam #1 Practice Questions & Answers

The organelle that is involved in cellular respiration and is likes tot he development of oxidative stress is known as the - ANSWERSMitochondria Cells develop into tissues with specialized structure and function through the process of - ANSWERSDifferentiation A cell's typical response to a decrease in trophic signal - ANSWERSAtrophy Cell death by necrosis is - ANSWERSoften a response to inflammation You are caring for a female patient who has reported a noticeable decrease in breast size and muscle mass. Which condition and cause is the most likely explanation? - ANSWERSMenopause The changes seen in cells adapting to stressors that promote metaplasia - ANSWERScan change from one cell to another Cellular atrophy results in - ANSWERSdecrease in tissue volume due to a decrease in cell size Treatment of chronic conditions associated with cerebral atrophy - ANSWERSare targeted toward slowing neuronal injury and atrophy Which of the following hormones is secreted form the anterior pituitary: Somatostatin Growth Hormone GHRH IGH-1 - ANSWERSGrowth hormone What is a diagnostic test for cervical dysplasia? - ANSWERSCervical punch biopsy Which reactive oxygen species is scavenged by catalase? - ANSWERSHydrogen peroxide What is the term to describe cells that are enlarged with darkened nuclei and abnormal chromatin? - ANSWERSDysplastic A person's phenotype can best be described as - ANSWERStraits that are observable and apparent A person's genotype can best be described as - ANSWERSthe genetic makeup of a person Which of the following conditions follows Mendelian pattern of recessive inheritance? Coronary artery disease Down Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Tay-Sachs disease - ANSWERSTay-Sachs disease Which of the following follows a multifactorial pattern of inheritence? Coronary artery disease Down Syndrome Marfan Syndrome Tay-Sachs disease - ANSWERSCoronary artery disease Fortification of foods with folic acid has resulted in a significant reduction in the incidence of - ANSWERSneural tube defects Which of the following chromosomal abnormalities can result in an inheritable form of trisomy? Nondisjunction during meiosis Balanced translocation Insertion Deletion - ANSWERSBalanced translocation Which type of hemoglobin is produced during sickle-cell crisis? - ANSWERSHbS Mitochondrial gene disorders are transmitted to - ANSWERSboth daughters and sons Mitochondrial genes produce proteins involved in - ANSWERSenergy metabolism What is a manifestation of Down Syndrome? - ANSWERSEpicanthal eye folds Which prenatal test(s) diagnose Down Syndrome? - ANSWERSKaryotype What is the risk of a mother with the genetic mutation that causes Fragile-X syndrome passing the gene on to an offspring? - ANSWERS50% of males affected Which chromosomal abnormality is incompatible with life? - ANSWERSMonosomy 21 Affects females only - ANSWERSTurner syndrome The target of damage in Huntington's Disease - ANSWERSnerve tissue Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) is a screening test for which condition? - ANSWERSSpina Bifida A patient comes to the clinic concerned about a painless lymph node in the neck. A diagnosis of lymphoma is made. Which of the following would indicate the lymphoma was Hodgkin lymphoma? The location of the enlarged lymph nodes The presence of Reed-Sternberg cells Spread to the spleen, liver, and bone marrow The age of the patient - ANSWERSThe presence of Reed-Sternberg cells Which of the following genes, when mutated, is NOT implicated in the development of neoplasms? Carcinogenesis Tumor suppressor genes Oncogenesis Mutator genes - ANSWERSCancinogenes Which of the following cells is least likely to develop into a neoplasia? p53 gene Rb gene T21 gene - ANSWERSp53 gene Which of the following is a characteristic of benign neoplasms? Highly undifferentiated Invasive Destructive Cell Overproliferation - ANSWERSCell overproliferation What is the most significant difference between acute lymphocytic and acute myelogenous leukemia? - ANSWERSCell type affected Your grandfather has colon cancer but then it migrated to the liver. The affinity for movement to another specific organ is called - ANSWERSTropism You are a public health official and want to make the greatest difference in reducing cancer deaths across the globe. Which intervention would have the greatest impact? - ANSWERSSmoking cessation programs What sign/symptom might indicate that you are experiencing a paraneoplastic syndrome? - ANSWERSEdema What type of cancer would most likely spread through the process called seeding? - ANSWERSOvarian Which of the following is an example of a strong acid? Albumin Inorganic phosphorus Sodium Lactate - ANSWERSLactate Fluid loss in response to hypervolemia is promoted by - ANSWERSInhibiting the secretion of aldosterone, promoting urinary sodium and water elimination What ion is most closely related to water movement? - ANSWERSSodium A pH of 7.5 is defined as - ANSWERSAlkalosis Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body water? - ANSWERSIntracellular Which of the following transport mechanisms is associated with movement of water across the semipermeable