AQT Art Final Exam Question/Answer Graded A+ 2025/2026
Cave Paintings at Lascaux - This is the setting of a complex of caves in southwestern
France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings. The original caves are located near the
village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne. They contain some of the best-
known Upper Paleolithic art. These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old.
They primarily consist of images of large animals, most of which are known from fossil
evidence to have lived in the area at the time. In 1979, it was added to the UNESCO
World Heritage Sites list along with other prehistoric sites in the Vézère valley.
Cave Paintings at Lascaux - In the late summer of 1940, the entrance to this was
discovered by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat returned to the scene with three
friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via
a long shaft. The four teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with
depictions of animals. The cave complex was opened to the public in 1948. By 1955,
the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the
paintings. The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. After
the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and were
monitored on a daily basis. Rooms in the cave include The Hall of the Bulls, the
Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines.
Stonehenge - This is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2
km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. One of the most famous
sites in the world, this is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks.
It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in
England, including several hundred burial mounds.
Ziggurat - These were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and
Assyrians for local religions. Each one was part of a temple complex which included
other buildings. The precursors of this were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid
period during the fourth millennium BC. The earliest ones began near the end of the
Early Dynastic Period. The latest Mesopotamian versions date from the 6th century BC.
Built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, this was a pyramidal
structure with a flat top. Sun-baked bricks made up the core of the this with facings of
fired bricks on the outside. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may
have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on
these glazed bricks. The number of tiers ranged from two to seven. It is assumed that
they had shrines at the top, but there is no archaeological evidence for this and the only
textual evidence is from Herodotus. Access to the shrine would have been by a series
of ramps on one side of the it or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The
Mesopotamian version were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were
believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god. Only
priests were permitted on them or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility
to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful members
of Sumerian society.
,Ziggurat - This means "to build on a raised area". These were massive structures built
in the ancient Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having the form of a
terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels.
Notable ones include the Great ______ of Ur near Nasiriyah, Iraq; the _______ of Aqar
Quf near Baghdad, Iraq; Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān, Iran; and Sialk near Kashan,
Iran.
Easter Island - This is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the
southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. It is famous for its 887 extant
monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995,
UNESCO named this place a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected
within Rapa Nui National Park.
Valley of The Kings - This is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years
from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and
powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of
Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes
(modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two
valleys, East Valley (where the majority of the royal tombs are situated) and West
Valley.
Valley of the Queens - The valley is located near the better known Valley of the Kings,
on the west bank of the Nile across from Thebes (modern Luxor). This barren area in
the western hills was chosen due to its relative isolation and proximity to the capital. The
kings of the 18th dynasty, instead of building pyramids as traditional burial chambers
(perhaps because of their vulnerability to tomb robbers), now chose to be interred in
rock-cut tombs.
This necropolis is said to hold more than seventy tombs, many of which are stylish and
lavishly decorated. An example of this is the resting place carved out of the rock for
Queen Nefertari (1290-1224 BCE) of the 19th Dynasty. The polychrome reliefs in her
tomb are still intact.
Valley of the Queens - The valley was begun in the time of Ramesses I. Prior to that
time wives were generally buried with their husbands, and some continued to be so.
Valley of the Queens - This is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in
ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as Ta-Set-Neferu, meaning -"the place of
the Children of the Pharaoh", because along with the Queens of the 18th, 19th and 20th
dynasties (1550-1070 BCE) many princes and princesses were also buried with various
members of the nobility. The tombs of these individuals were maintained by mortuary
priests who performed daily rituals and provided offerings and prayers for the deceased
nobility.
Tutankhamun - He was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled ca. 1332 BC -
1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known
as the New Kingdom. His original name means "Living Image of Aten", while his
,changed name means "Living Image of Amun". In hieroglyphs, the his name was
typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name
at the beginning of a phrase to show appropriate reverence. He is possibly also the
Nibhurrereya of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty king Rathotis who,
according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine years—a figure that
conforms with Flavius Josephus's version of Manetho's Epitome.
Tutankhamun - The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter and George Herbert, 5th Earl of
Carnarvon of his nearly intact tomb received worldwide press coverage. It sparked a
renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which his burial mask, now in Cairo
Museum, remains the popular symbol. Exhibits of artifacts from his tomb have toured
the world. In February 2010, the results of DNA tests confirmed that he was the son of
Akhenaten (mummy KV55) and Akhenaten's sister and wife (mummy KV35YL), whose
name is unknown but whose remains are positively identified as "The Younger Lady"
mummy found in KV35.
Tutankhamun - He was the son of Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) and one of
Akhenaten's sisters, or perhaps one of his cousins. As a prince he was known as
Tutankhaten. He ascended to the throne in 1333 BC, at the age of nine or ten, taking
the throne name Nebkheperure. His wet-nurse was a woman called Maia, known from
her tomb at Saqqara.
When he became king, he married his half-sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed
her name to Ankhesenamun. They had two daughters, both stillborn. Computed
tomography studies released in 2011 revealed that one daughter died at 5-6 months of
pregnancy and the other at 9 months of pregnancy. No evidence was found in either
mummy of congenital anomalies or an apparent cause of death.
Tutankhamun - KV62
Howard Carter - This man, (9 May 1874 - 2 March 1939) was an English archaeologist
and Egyptologist who became world famous after discovering the intact tomb of 14th-
century BC pharaoh Tutankhamun (colloquially known as "King Tut" and "the boy king").
Howard Carter - This man was born in London, the son of Samuel, an artist, and of
Martha Joyce. His father trained and developed His artistic talents.
He spent much of his childhood with relatives in the Norfolk market town of Swaffham,
the birthplace of both his parents. In 1891 the Egypt Exploration Fund (EEF) sent him to
assist Percy Newberry in the excavation and recording of Middle Kingdom tombs at
Beni Hasan.
Although only 17, he was innovative in improving the methods of copying tomb
decoration. In 1892 he worked under the tutelage of Flinders Petrie for one season at
Amarna, the capital founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten. From 1894 to 1899 he worked
with Édouard Naville at Deir el-Bahari, where he recorded the wall reliefs in the temple
of Hatshepsut.
, Howard Carter - In 1899, He was appointed as the first chief inspector of the Egyptian
Antiquities Service (EAS). He supervised a number of excavations at Thebes (now
known as Luxor). In 1904 he was transferred to the Inspectorate of Lower Egypt. He
was praised for his improvements in the protection of, and accessibility to, existing
excavation sites, and his development of a grid-block system for searching for tombs.
The Antiquities Service also provided funding for him to head up his own excavation
projects, and during this time period he discovered the Tombs of Thutmose I and
Thutmose III, although both tombs had been robbed of treasures long before.
He resigned from the Antiquities Service in 1905 after formal inquiry into what became
known as the Saqqara Affair, a noisy confrontation between Egyptian site guards and a
group of French tourists. He sided with the Egyptian personnel.
Howard Carter - After three hard years for this man, in 1907 Lord Carnarvon employed
him to supervise Carnarvon's Egyptian excavations in the Valley of the Kings. The
intention of Gaston Maspero, who introduced the two, was to ensure that he imposed
modern archaeological methods and systems of recording.
Carnarvon financed this man's work in the Valley of the Kings to 1914, but until 1917
excavations and study were interrupted by World War I. Following the end of World War
I, he aggressively resumed his work.
After several years of finding little, Lord Carnarvon (this man's benefactor) became
dissatisfied with the lack of results. In 1922, Carnarvon informed him he had one more
season of funding to search the Valley of the Kings and find the tomb.
On November 4, 1922, his's excavation group found steps he hoped led to
Tutankhamun's tomb (subsequently designated KV62) (the tomb that would be
considered the best preserved and most intact pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley
of the Kings).
Amun - He was a local deity of Thebes (Luxor). He was attested since the Old Kingdom
together with his spouse Amaunet. With the 11th dynasty (c. 21st century BC), he rose
to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Monthu.
After the rebellion of Thebes against the Hyksos and with the rule of Ahmose I, he
acquired national importance, expressed in his fusion with the Sun god, Ra.
Amun - He retained chief importance in the Egyptian pantheon throughout the New
Kingdom (with the exception of the "Atenist heresy" under Akhenaten). He in this period
(16th to 11th centuries BC) held the position of transcendental, self-created creator
deity "par excellence", he was the champion of the poor or troubled and central to
personal piety. His position as King of Gods developed to the point of virtual
monotheism where other gods became manifestations of him. With Osiris, he is the
most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods. As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire,
he also came to be worshipped outside of Egypt, in Ancient Libya and Nubia, and as
Zeus Ammon came to be identified with Zeus in Ancient Greece.
Amun - Largest system of temples
Cave Paintings at Lascaux - This is the setting of a complex of caves in southwestern
France famous for its Paleolithic cave paintings. The original caves are located near the
village of Montignac, in the department of Dordogne. They contain some of the best-
known Upper Paleolithic art. These paintings are estimated to be 17,300 years old.
They primarily consist of images of large animals, most of which are known from fossil
evidence to have lived in the area at the time. In 1979, it was added to the UNESCO
World Heritage Sites list along with other prehistoric sites in the Vézère valley.
Cave Paintings at Lascaux - In the late summer of 1940, the entrance to this was
discovered by 18-year-old Marcel Ravidat. Ravidat returned to the scene with three
friends, Jacques Marsal, Georges Agnel, and Simon Coencas, and entered the cave via
a long shaft. The four teenagers discovered that the cave walls were covered with
depictions of animals. The cave complex was opened to the public in 1948. By 1955,
the carbon dioxide produced by 1,200 visitors per day had visibly damaged the
paintings. The cave was closed to the public in 1963 in order to preserve the art. After
the cave was closed, the paintings were restored to their original state, and were
monitored on a daily basis. Rooms in the cave include The Hall of the Bulls, the
Passageway, the Shaft, the Nave, the Apse, and the Chamber of Felines.
Stonehenge - This is a prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, about 2 miles (3.2
km) west of Amesbury and 8 miles (13 km) north of Salisbury. One of the most famous
sites in the world, this is the remains of a ring of standing stones set within earthworks.
It is in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in
England, including several hundred burial mounds.
Ziggurat - These were built by the Sumerians, Babylonians, Elamites, Akkadians, and
Assyrians for local religions. Each one was part of a temple complex which included
other buildings. The precursors of this were raised platforms that date from the Ubaid
period during the fourth millennium BC. The earliest ones began near the end of the
Early Dynastic Period. The latest Mesopotamian versions date from the 6th century BC.
Built in receding tiers upon a rectangular, oval, or square platform, this was a pyramidal
structure with a flat top. Sun-baked bricks made up the core of the this with facings of
fired bricks on the outside. The facings were often glazed in different colors and may
have had astrological significance. Kings sometimes had their names engraved on
these glazed bricks. The number of tiers ranged from two to seven. It is assumed that
they had shrines at the top, but there is no archaeological evidence for this and the only
textual evidence is from Herodotus. Access to the shrine would have been by a series
of ramps on one side of the it or by a spiral ramp from base to summit. The
Mesopotamian version were not places for public worship or ceremonies. They were
believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron god. Only
priests were permitted on them or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility
to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful members
of Sumerian society.
,Ziggurat - This means "to build on a raised area". These were massive structures built
in the ancient Mesopotamian valley and western Iranian plateau, having the form of a
terraced step pyramid of successively receding stories or levels.
Notable ones include the Great ______ of Ur near Nasiriyah, Iraq; the _______ of Aqar
Quf near Baghdad, Iraq; Chogha Zanbil in Khūzestān, Iran; and Sialk near Kashan,
Iran.
Easter Island - This is a Polynesian island in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the
southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle. It is famous for its 887 extant
monumental statues, called moai, created by the early Rapa Nui people. In 1995,
UNESCO named this place a World Heritage Site, with much of the island protected
within Rapa Nui National Park.
Valley of The Kings - This is a valley in Egypt where, for a period of nearly 500 years
from the 16th to 11th century BC, tombs were constructed for the Pharaohs and
powerful nobles of the New Kingdom (the Eighteenth to the Twentieth Dynasties of
Ancient Egypt). The valley stands on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes
(modern Luxor), within the heart of the Theban Necropolis. The wadi consists of two
valleys, East Valley (where the majority of the royal tombs are situated) and West
Valley.
Valley of the Queens - The valley is located near the better known Valley of the Kings,
on the west bank of the Nile across from Thebes (modern Luxor). This barren area in
the western hills was chosen due to its relative isolation and proximity to the capital. The
kings of the 18th dynasty, instead of building pyramids as traditional burial chambers
(perhaps because of their vulnerability to tomb robbers), now chose to be interred in
rock-cut tombs.
This necropolis is said to hold more than seventy tombs, many of which are stylish and
lavishly decorated. An example of this is the resting place carved out of the rock for
Queen Nefertari (1290-1224 BCE) of the 19th Dynasty. The polychrome reliefs in her
tomb are still intact.
Valley of the Queens - The valley was begun in the time of Ramesses I. Prior to that
time wives were generally buried with their husbands, and some continued to be so.
Valley of the Queens - This is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in
ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as Ta-Set-Neferu, meaning -"the place of
the Children of the Pharaoh", because along with the Queens of the 18th, 19th and 20th
dynasties (1550-1070 BCE) many princes and princesses were also buried with various
members of the nobility. The tombs of these individuals were maintained by mortuary
priests who performed daily rituals and provided offerings and prayers for the deceased
nobility.
Tutankhamun - He was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (ruled ca. 1332 BC -
1323 BC in the conventional chronology), during the period of Egyptian history known
as the New Kingdom. His original name means "Living Image of Aten", while his
,changed name means "Living Image of Amun". In hieroglyphs, the his name was
typically written Amen-tut-ankh, because of a scribal custom that placed a divine name
at the beginning of a phrase to show appropriate reverence. He is possibly also the
Nibhurrereya of the Amarna letters, and likely the 18th dynasty king Rathotis who,
according to Manetho, an ancient historian, had reigned for nine years—a figure that
conforms with Flavius Josephus's version of Manetho's Epitome.
Tutankhamun - The 1922 discovery by Howard Carter and George Herbert, 5th Earl of
Carnarvon of his nearly intact tomb received worldwide press coverage. It sparked a
renewed public interest in ancient Egypt, for which his burial mask, now in Cairo
Museum, remains the popular symbol. Exhibits of artifacts from his tomb have toured
the world. In February 2010, the results of DNA tests confirmed that he was the son of
Akhenaten (mummy KV55) and Akhenaten's sister and wife (mummy KV35YL), whose
name is unknown but whose remains are positively identified as "The Younger Lady"
mummy found in KV35.
Tutankhamun - He was the son of Akhenaten (formerly Amenhotep IV) and one of
Akhenaten's sisters, or perhaps one of his cousins. As a prince he was known as
Tutankhaten. He ascended to the throne in 1333 BC, at the age of nine or ten, taking
the throne name Nebkheperure. His wet-nurse was a woman called Maia, known from
her tomb at Saqqara.
When he became king, he married his half-sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed
her name to Ankhesenamun. They had two daughters, both stillborn. Computed
tomography studies released in 2011 revealed that one daughter died at 5-6 months of
pregnancy and the other at 9 months of pregnancy. No evidence was found in either
mummy of congenital anomalies or an apparent cause of death.
Tutankhamun - KV62
Howard Carter - This man, (9 May 1874 - 2 March 1939) was an English archaeologist
and Egyptologist who became world famous after discovering the intact tomb of 14th-
century BC pharaoh Tutankhamun (colloquially known as "King Tut" and "the boy king").
Howard Carter - This man was born in London, the son of Samuel, an artist, and of
Martha Joyce. His father trained and developed His artistic talents.
He spent much of his childhood with relatives in the Norfolk market town of Swaffham,
the birthplace of both his parents. In 1891 the Egypt Exploration Fund (EEF) sent him to
assist Percy Newberry in the excavation and recording of Middle Kingdom tombs at
Beni Hasan.
Although only 17, he was innovative in improving the methods of copying tomb
decoration. In 1892 he worked under the tutelage of Flinders Petrie for one season at
Amarna, the capital founded by the pharaoh Akhenaten. From 1894 to 1899 he worked
with Édouard Naville at Deir el-Bahari, where he recorded the wall reliefs in the temple
of Hatshepsut.
, Howard Carter - In 1899, He was appointed as the first chief inspector of the Egyptian
Antiquities Service (EAS). He supervised a number of excavations at Thebes (now
known as Luxor). In 1904 he was transferred to the Inspectorate of Lower Egypt. He
was praised for his improvements in the protection of, and accessibility to, existing
excavation sites, and his development of a grid-block system for searching for tombs.
The Antiquities Service also provided funding for him to head up his own excavation
projects, and during this time period he discovered the Tombs of Thutmose I and
Thutmose III, although both tombs had been robbed of treasures long before.
He resigned from the Antiquities Service in 1905 after formal inquiry into what became
known as the Saqqara Affair, a noisy confrontation between Egyptian site guards and a
group of French tourists. He sided with the Egyptian personnel.
Howard Carter - After three hard years for this man, in 1907 Lord Carnarvon employed
him to supervise Carnarvon's Egyptian excavations in the Valley of the Kings. The
intention of Gaston Maspero, who introduced the two, was to ensure that he imposed
modern archaeological methods and systems of recording.
Carnarvon financed this man's work in the Valley of the Kings to 1914, but until 1917
excavations and study were interrupted by World War I. Following the end of World War
I, he aggressively resumed his work.
After several years of finding little, Lord Carnarvon (this man's benefactor) became
dissatisfied with the lack of results. In 1922, Carnarvon informed him he had one more
season of funding to search the Valley of the Kings and find the tomb.
On November 4, 1922, his's excavation group found steps he hoped led to
Tutankhamun's tomb (subsequently designated KV62) (the tomb that would be
considered the best preserved and most intact pharaonic tomb ever found in the Valley
of the Kings).
Amun - He was a local deity of Thebes (Luxor). He was attested since the Old Kingdom
together with his spouse Amaunet. With the 11th dynasty (c. 21st century BC), he rose
to the position of patron deity of Thebes by replacing Monthu.
After the rebellion of Thebes against the Hyksos and with the rule of Ahmose I, he
acquired national importance, expressed in his fusion with the Sun god, Ra.
Amun - He retained chief importance in the Egyptian pantheon throughout the New
Kingdom (with the exception of the "Atenist heresy" under Akhenaten). He in this period
(16th to 11th centuries BC) held the position of transcendental, self-created creator
deity "par excellence", he was the champion of the poor or troubled and central to
personal piety. His position as King of Gods developed to the point of virtual
monotheism where other gods became manifestations of him. With Osiris, he is the
most widely recorded of the Egyptian gods. As the chief deity of the Egyptian Empire,
he also came to be worshipped outside of Egypt, in Ancient Libya and Nubia, and as
Zeus Ammon came to be identified with Zeus in Ancient Greece.
Amun - Largest system of temples
