NUR212 FINAL ACTUAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Palliative Care - ✔✔Holistic care approach to care focusing on needs of both the
family and the family members across the illness trajectory.
When is Palliative Care used? - ✔✔Can be initiated as soon as life limiting
diagnosis is made.
Signs and symptoms of end of life - ✔✔Decreased urine output, cyanotic nail
bed, mottling, cold clammy skin, and respiratory changes are common.
Respiratory changes - ✔✔Includes rapid, slow, shallow, or irregular breathing,
terminal secretions or death rattle, and Cheyne stokes.
Palliative sedation - ✔✔Use of medications to intentionally produce sedation to
relieve pain and suffering.
Double effect principle - ✔✔The intent of this action is to ease suffering, not
hasten death.
Isotonic fluids - ✔✔Includes Lactated ringers, 0.9% NS, and D5%.
Hypertonic fluids - ✔✔Includes D10%, D5% in 0.45%, D5% in 0.9% NS, and 3%
sodium chloride.
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, When are hypertonic fluids used? - ✔✔Useful in the treatment of hyponatremia
and trauma patients with head injury, draws water out of cell.
Cautions for hypertonic fluids - ✔✔Watch for signs of hypertension due to
circulatory overload with increased circulatory volume.
Hypotonic fluids - ✔✔Includes 0.45% NS.
When are hypotonic fluids used? - ✔✔Useful in treating patients with
hypernatremia.
Cautions for hypotonic fluids - ✔✔Watch for and don't use in cerebral edema.
Lab Values: Potassium - ✔✔Normal range is 3.5-5.
Lab Values: Sodium - ✔✔Normal range is 135-145.
Lab Values: Calcium - ✔✔Normal range is 8.5-10.
Lab Values: Creatinine - ✔✔Normal range is 0.6-1.2.
Lab Values: BUN - ✔✔Normal range is 10-20.
Lab Values: GFR - ✔✔Normal range is 90-120.
Lab Values: Albumin - ✔✔Normal range is 3.5-5.
Lab Values: Digitalis - ✔✔Normal range is 0.5-2.0.
Lab Values: Platelet count - ✔✔Normal range is 150,000-400,000.
Lab Values: Hemoglobin - ✔✔Normal range is 12-8.
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©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS
Palliative Care - ✔✔Holistic care approach to care focusing on needs of both the
family and the family members across the illness trajectory.
When is Palliative Care used? - ✔✔Can be initiated as soon as life limiting
diagnosis is made.
Signs and symptoms of end of life - ✔✔Decreased urine output, cyanotic nail
bed, mottling, cold clammy skin, and respiratory changes are common.
Respiratory changes - ✔✔Includes rapid, slow, shallow, or irregular breathing,
terminal secretions or death rattle, and Cheyne stokes.
Palliative sedation - ✔✔Use of medications to intentionally produce sedation to
relieve pain and suffering.
Double effect principle - ✔✔The intent of this action is to ease suffering, not
hasten death.
Isotonic fluids - ✔✔Includes Lactated ringers, 0.9% NS, and D5%.
Hypertonic fluids - ✔✔Includes D10%, D5% in 0.45%, D5% in 0.9% NS, and 3%
sodium chloride.
1|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
, When are hypertonic fluids used? - ✔✔Useful in the treatment of hyponatremia
and trauma patients with head injury, draws water out of cell.
Cautions for hypertonic fluids - ✔✔Watch for signs of hypertension due to
circulatory overload with increased circulatory volume.
Hypotonic fluids - ✔✔Includes 0.45% NS.
When are hypotonic fluids used? - ✔✔Useful in treating patients with
hypernatremia.
Cautions for hypotonic fluids - ✔✔Watch for and don't use in cerebral edema.
Lab Values: Potassium - ✔✔Normal range is 3.5-5.
Lab Values: Sodium - ✔✔Normal range is 135-145.
Lab Values: Calcium - ✔✔Normal range is 8.5-10.
Lab Values: Creatinine - ✔✔Normal range is 0.6-1.2.
Lab Values: BUN - ✔✔Normal range is 10-20.
Lab Values: GFR - ✔✔Normal range is 90-120.
Lab Values: Albumin - ✔✔Normal range is 3.5-5.
Lab Values: Digitalis - ✔✔Normal range is 0.5-2.0.
Lab Values: Platelet count - ✔✔Normal range is 150,000-400,000.
Lab Values: Hemoglobin - ✔✔Normal range is 12-8.
2|Page
©KERRYMARTIN 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025.
