BIO 669 FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE
BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE
NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
aldosterone is influenced by what? - ANSWER-circulating blood volume, blood
pressure, plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - ANSWER-renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - ANSWER-angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - ANSWER-water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - ANSWER-osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - ANSWER-hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - ANSWER-ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - ANSWER-ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - ANSWER-Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - ANSWER-distended neck veins, increased
BP, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - ANSWER-diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - ANSWER-potassium
, sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - ANSWER-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Increases in total body potassium are ____________ - ANSWER-rare
what are common causes of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-increased intake of potassium
a shift of potassium from cells to the ECF
decreased renal excretion
ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists can cause a
decrease in the renal excretion of _____________ leading to _____________ -
ANSWER-potassium; hyperkalemia
______________ promotes cellular entry of potassium - ANSWER-insulin
in diabetic ketoacidosis there is a ___________ of insulin which causes
______________ - ANSWER-decrease; hyperkalemia
what are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-increased
neuromuscular irritability (restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea)
muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone
narrow and tall T waves with a shortened QT interval
delayed cardiac conduction
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - ANSWER-sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - ANSWER-vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - ANSWER-aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - ANSWER-nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - ANSWER-potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - ANSWER-insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - ANSWER-out
BALANCE/ACID BASE BALANCE
NORTHERN KENTUCKY UNIVERSITY
aldosterone is influenced by what? - ANSWER-circulating blood volume, blood
pressure, plasma concentrations of sodium and potassium
what is released when circulating blood volume of BP is decreased or sodium is
decreased or potassium is increased? - ANSWER-renin is secreted and released by the
kidneys
renin stimulates the release of what? - ANSWER-angiotensin
water balance is primarily regulated by what? - ANSWER-antidiuretic hormone (ADH,
vasopressin)
ADH secretion increases what? - ANSWER-water reabsorption into the plasma
what are thirst receptors called? - ANSWER-osmolality receptors
what are osmolality receptors stimulated by? - ANSWER-hyperosmolality and plasma
volume depletion
volume receptors and baroreceptors stimulate the release of _______ from the ______
and stimulate thirst due to fluid loss - ANSWER-ADH; pituitary gland
if sodium levels rise too much, _____________ will be stimulated to be released to aid
in the retention of water - ANSWER-ADH
an isotonic fluid excess is called? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
Excessive administration of IV fluids can lead to? - ANSWER-Hypervolemia
Hypersecretion of aldosterone can lead to? - ANSWER-hypervolemia
what are the symptoms of hypervolemia? - ANSWER-distended neck veins, increased
BP, increased hydrostatic pressure leading to edema formation
hypervolemia is treated with? - ANSWER-diuretics
aldosterone enhances the loss of____________ - ANSWER-potassium
, sodium and chloride balance is maintained by______________________ - ANSWER-
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Increases in total body potassium are ____________ - ANSWER-rare
what are common causes of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-increased intake of potassium
a shift of potassium from cells to the ECF
decreased renal excretion
ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and aldosterone antagonists can cause a
decrease in the renal excretion of _____________ leading to _____________ -
ANSWER-potassium; hyperkalemia
______________ promotes cellular entry of potassium - ANSWER-insulin
in diabetic ketoacidosis there is a ___________ of insulin which causes
______________ - ANSWER-decrease; hyperkalemia
what are the clinical manifestations of hyperkalemia? - ANSWER-increased
neuromuscular irritability (restlessness, intestinal cramping, diarrhea)
muscle weakness, loss of muscle tone
narrow and tall T waves with a shortened QT interval
delayed cardiac conduction
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system controls ______________ retention and thus
volume/pressure in the vascular system - ANSWER-sodium
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system affects __________________ and
___________ release - ANSWER-vasomotor tone; ADH
_______________ leads to sodium and water reabsorption back into the circulation and
excretion of potassium - ANSWER-aldosterone
______________________ cause sodium and water exertion - ANSWER-nature tic
peptides
__________________ is the major intracellular electrolyte and is essential for normal
cellular functions - ANSWER-potassium
the distribution of potassium between intracellular and extracellular fluids is influenced
by what factors? - ANSWER-insulin, aldosterone, epinephrine, alkalosis
an insulin deficiency, aldosterone deficiency, acidosis, cell lysis and strenuous exercise
can facilitate the shift of potassium________ of cells - ANSWER-out
