NRSG 421 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the assessment involved with allergy scratch testing? - ANS-drop of allergen is placed on the skin
then pricking device is used to allow the allergen to enter the skin
What indicated a positive reaction with an allergy test? - ANS-local wheal-and-flare response
What are the safety considerations with allergy scratch testing? - ANS-never leave pt. alone, remove
extract if reaction occurs & apply topical anti-inflammatory cream, epinephrine may be necessary if
reaction is severe enough
What is a normal CD4 level? - ANS-800-1200
What CD4 level indicates pt. is immunocompromised? - ANS-less than 500
What CD4 level indicates AIDS? - ANS-less than 200
What is involved with the assessment for HIV? - ANS-pt. edu for those at risk, modifying risky behaviors,
early recognition & treatment
What are the dx. with HIV? - ANS-blood tests, rapid HIV, *Western blot test is best confirmation test*
What is involved with the assessment for a porta-cath for chemo administration? - ANS-monitor for
phlebitis, irritant, vesicant, have to be accessed once a month when not being used
What meds can be given prior to chemo? - ANS-antiemetics
What is the pt. edu with chemotherapy? - ANS-possible side effects, how to manage side effects, when
to contact HCP
What labs do we monitor with chemotherapy pts.? - ANS-WBCs, RBCs, platelets, anemic markers
What are the interventions & safely for pts. with thrombocytopenia? - ANS-put on bleeding precautions,
frequent VS, no tight garments, stool softeners
What is involve with pt edu with bone marrow transplantation? - ANS-limit exposure to infections for 2-
4 wks, watch for graft-versus-host disease, infection, fever
, What is a normal pH level? - ANS-7.35-7.45
What is a normal PCO2 level? - ANS-35-45
What is a normal HCO3 level? - ANS-22-26
What are the causes of respiratory acidosis? - ANS-hypoventilation, COPD, overdose, pneumonia, PE, CF
What are the S&S with respiratory acidosis? - ANS-confusion, headache, lethargic, decreased BP, v-fib,
hypoxia
What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis? - ANS-flush chemical out of system, don't give CNS
depressants
What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-hyperventilation, liver failure
What are the S&S with respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-light-headed, dizzy, tachycardia, hyperventilation,
N/V, numbness/tingling
What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-breathing techniques, reassure pt. you'll stay with
them
What is the cause of metabolic acidosis? - ANS-DKA, starvation, diarrhea, renal failure, shock
What are the S&S with metabolic acidosis? - ANS-cool & clammy skin, abdominal pain, deep & rapid
respirations, N/V
What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis? - ANS-vomiting, NG suctioning, diuretics, excessive NaHCO3
intake
What are the S&S with metabolic alkalosis? - ANS-confusion, tachycardia, N/V, tingling of fingers & toes
What is involved with the post op assessment for a laryngectomy? - ANS-nutritional support, alternate
communication methods
What is involved post op from radical neck dissection? - ANS-airway management, wound care,
nutrition, communication, psychosocial issues, pt. in semi-folwer's, cough & deep breathe, drain
management, adequate fluid intake, monitor incision site
What are the interventions for a radical neck dissection? - ANS-communication assistive devices,
OT/PT/speech therapy
What are the S&S with iron-deficiency anemia? - ANS-asymptomatic @ first; pallor chelitis, paresthesia,
headache
What are the S&S with B12 deficiency? - ANS-fatigue, anorexia, GI disturbance, beefy red tongue,
*NEURO*
CORRECT ANSWERS
What is the assessment involved with allergy scratch testing? - ANS-drop of allergen is placed on the skin
then pricking device is used to allow the allergen to enter the skin
What indicated a positive reaction with an allergy test? - ANS-local wheal-and-flare response
What are the safety considerations with allergy scratch testing? - ANS-never leave pt. alone, remove
extract if reaction occurs & apply topical anti-inflammatory cream, epinephrine may be necessary if
reaction is severe enough
What is a normal CD4 level? - ANS-800-1200
What CD4 level indicates pt. is immunocompromised? - ANS-less than 500
What CD4 level indicates AIDS? - ANS-less than 200
What is involved with the assessment for HIV? - ANS-pt. edu for those at risk, modifying risky behaviors,
early recognition & treatment
What are the dx. with HIV? - ANS-blood tests, rapid HIV, *Western blot test is best confirmation test*
What is involved with the assessment for a porta-cath for chemo administration? - ANS-monitor for
phlebitis, irritant, vesicant, have to be accessed once a month when not being used
What meds can be given prior to chemo? - ANS-antiemetics
What is the pt. edu with chemotherapy? - ANS-possible side effects, how to manage side effects, when
to contact HCP
What labs do we monitor with chemotherapy pts.? - ANS-WBCs, RBCs, platelets, anemic markers
What are the interventions & safely for pts. with thrombocytopenia? - ANS-put on bleeding precautions,
frequent VS, no tight garments, stool softeners
What is involve with pt edu with bone marrow transplantation? - ANS-limit exposure to infections for 2-
4 wks, watch for graft-versus-host disease, infection, fever
, What is a normal pH level? - ANS-7.35-7.45
What is a normal PCO2 level? - ANS-35-45
What is a normal HCO3 level? - ANS-22-26
What are the causes of respiratory acidosis? - ANS-hypoventilation, COPD, overdose, pneumonia, PE, CF
What are the S&S with respiratory acidosis? - ANS-confusion, headache, lethargic, decreased BP, v-fib,
hypoxia
What is the treatment for respiratory acidosis? - ANS-flush chemical out of system, don't give CNS
depressants
What are the causes of respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-hyperventilation, liver failure
What are the S&S with respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-light-headed, dizzy, tachycardia, hyperventilation,
N/V, numbness/tingling
What is the treatment for respiratory alkalosis? - ANS-breathing techniques, reassure pt. you'll stay with
them
What is the cause of metabolic acidosis? - ANS-DKA, starvation, diarrhea, renal failure, shock
What are the S&S with metabolic acidosis? - ANS-cool & clammy skin, abdominal pain, deep & rapid
respirations, N/V
What are the causes of metabolic alkalosis? - ANS-vomiting, NG suctioning, diuretics, excessive NaHCO3
intake
What are the S&S with metabolic alkalosis? - ANS-confusion, tachycardia, N/V, tingling of fingers & toes
What is involved with the post op assessment for a laryngectomy? - ANS-nutritional support, alternate
communication methods
What is involved post op from radical neck dissection? - ANS-airway management, wound care,
nutrition, communication, psychosocial issues, pt. in semi-folwer's, cough & deep breathe, drain
management, adequate fluid intake, monitor incision site
What are the interventions for a radical neck dissection? - ANS-communication assistive devices,
OT/PT/speech therapy
What are the S&S with iron-deficiency anemia? - ANS-asymptomatic @ first; pallor chelitis, paresthesia,
headache
What are the S&S with B12 deficiency? - ANS-fatigue, anorexia, GI disturbance, beefy red tongue,
*NEURO*
