(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
Test Bank
Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health
States by Tommie L. Norris H
Page 1 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. WHO Definition of Health
Question: Which statements represent WHO’s definition of health? (Select all that apply)
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in book reviews and word games
B) Increase in chair aerobics classes in skilled care facilities
C) Interventions to help elderly diabetics control blood glucose via in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients
E) Handwashing teaching sessions for young children
# Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: WHO defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just
absence of disease.
2. Determinants of Health – Healthy People 2020
Question: Which factor is outside the focus of Healthy People 2020?
A) Client uses alternative therapies to minimize stress
B) Family history of cardiovascular disease and noncompliance with treatment
C) Good career with preventive health care benefits
D) Lives in an affluent community with good health care access
# Answer: B
Rationale: Noncompliance with treatment does not align with the goal of promoting good
health or preventing premature disease.
3. Disease Caused by Molecules
Question: Which patient demonstrates disease caused by molecules that directly cause
disease?
A) 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia
B) 91-year-old woman with ischemic stroke from familial hypercholesterolemia
C) 19-year-old man with cystic fibrosis
D) 30-year-old homeless man with PCP and HIV
# Answer: D
Rationale: PCP is caused directly by an infectious molecule (Pneumocystis), whereas other
diseases result from abnormal molecules.
Page 2 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
4. Pathogenesis vs Etiology
Question: Which aspect best characterizes pathogenesis?
A) Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B) Increasing serum ammonia due to liver cirrhosis
C) Effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) Skeletal injuries from motor vehicle accident
# Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the progression of disease (e.g., rising ammonia), while the
others are etiologic factors.
5. Patient Understanding of CAD Pathogenesis
Question: Which statement shows understanding of coronary artery disease pathogenesis?
A) “Stopping smoking will prevent all future heart attacks.”
B) “Stop eating fatty foods like French fries every day.”
C) “Inflammation inside my artery led to fatty streaks and clogged artery.”
D) “Not exercising causes blood pooling and heart attack.”
# Answer: C
Rationale: Pathogenesis refers to the progression of disease from initial changes
(inflammation, fatty streaks) to artery blockage.
6. Symptom vs Sign
Question: Which is a symptom rather than a sign?
A) Oxygen saturation 83%
B) Increased work of breathing lying supine
C) Diminished breath sounds
D) Respiratory rate 31
# Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective; signs are objective and measurable.
7. Complications of Disease or Treatment
Question: Which are complications? (Select all that apply)
A) Massive pulmonary emboli after new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Intense incision pain after colon surgery
C) Pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin treatment
D) Gradual inability to walk with Parkinson disease
E) Loss of short-term memory with Alzheimer disease
Page 3 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
# Answer: A, C
Rationale: Complications are unexpected or adverse outcomes. Incision pain, Parkinson
progression, and Alzheimer memory loss are expected.
8. Interpretation of Lab Values
Question: Which statement is true about normal lab values?
A) Normal value falls within the bell curve
B) Above 50% distribution = elevated
C) All labs adjusted for gender and weight
D) Negative result of sensitive test doesn’t rule out disease
# Answer: A
Rationale: Normal values are based on statistical distribution (bell curve).
9. Blood Test Sensitivity and Specificity
Question: Test shows 99.8% true positives, 1.3% false positives. Best characterization?
A) Low validity; high reliability
B) High sensitivity; low specificity
C) High specificity; low reliability
D) High sensitivity; low reliability
# Answer: B
Rationale: Most patients with disease test positive (high sensitivity); false positives = low
specificity.
10. Predictive Value of PSA Screening
Question: High positive predictive value, low negative predictive value:
A) High PSA → cancer; low PSA → some still develop cancer
B) Low PSA → cancer-free; high PSA → some cancer-free
C) Low PSA → false positives; high PSA → false positives
D) Low sensitivity, high specificity
# Answer: A
Rationale: Low negative predictive value = test fails to rule out disease in some negatives;
high positive predictive value = positive tests accurately indicate disease.
11. Preclinical Stage of Disease
Question: Male exposed to hepatitis C but asymptomatic is in:
A) Preclinical stage
B) Remission
Page 4 of 511
, (Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
C) Clinical disease stage
D) Chronic phase
# Answer: A
Rationale: Disease is not yet clinically evident but will progress.
12. Incidence Example – Hantavirus
Question: Yosemite exposure example illustrates:
A) Anticipated mortality rate
B) Prevalence
C) Low morbidity
D) Incidence
# Answer: D
Rationale: Incidence = new cases in a population at risk during a specified time.
13. Epidemiological Characterization
Question: Disease with high morbidity, low mortality, many living cases, few new cases:
A) Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B) Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C) High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D) High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence; low incidence
# Answer: D
Rationale: Prevalence = total cases; incidence = new cases; morbidity = impact on life
quality.
14. Case–Control Study
Question: Study comparing mothers of affected vs healthy infants:
A) Cohort
B) Cross-sectional
C) Case–control
D) Risk factor
# Answer: C
Rationale: Case–control studies compare groups with (case) and without (control) the
outcome.
15. Cohort Study
Question: Following children from kindergarten to age 25 to study diet, health, and disease:
Page 5 of 511
Test Bank
Porth's Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health
States by Tommie L. Norris H
Page 1 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
Chapter 01: Concepts of Health and Disease
1. WHO Definition of Health
Question: Which statements represent WHO’s definition of health? (Select all that apply)
A) Interests in keeping the elderly population engaged in book reviews and word games
B) Increase in chair aerobics classes in skilled care facilities
C) Interventions to help elderly diabetics control blood glucose via in-home cooking classes
D) Providing transportation for renal dialysis patients
E) Handwashing teaching sessions for young children
# Answer: A, B, C, E
Rationale: WHO defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not just
absence of disease.
2. Determinants of Health – Healthy People 2020
Question: Which factor is outside the focus of Healthy People 2020?
A) Client uses alternative therapies to minimize stress
B) Family history of cardiovascular disease and noncompliance with treatment
C) Good career with preventive health care benefits
D) Lives in an affluent community with good health care access
# Answer: B
Rationale: Noncompliance with treatment does not align with the goal of promoting good
health or preventing premature disease.
3. Disease Caused by Molecules
Question: Which patient demonstrates disease caused by molecules that directly cause
disease?
A) 31-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia
B) 91-year-old woman with ischemic stroke from familial hypercholesterolemia
C) 19-year-old man with cystic fibrosis
D) 30-year-old homeless man with PCP and HIV
# Answer: D
Rationale: PCP is caused directly by an infectious molecule (Pneumocystis), whereas other
diseases result from abnormal molecules.
Page 2 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
4. Pathogenesis vs Etiology
Question: Which aspect best characterizes pathogenesis?
A) Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
B) Increasing serum ammonia due to liver cirrhosis
C) Effects of methyl alcohol poisoning
D) Skeletal injuries from motor vehicle accident
# Answer: B
Rationale: Pathogenesis is the progression of disease (e.g., rising ammonia), while the
others are etiologic factors.
5. Patient Understanding of CAD Pathogenesis
Question: Which statement shows understanding of coronary artery disease pathogenesis?
A) “Stopping smoking will prevent all future heart attacks.”
B) “Stop eating fatty foods like French fries every day.”
C) “Inflammation inside my artery led to fatty streaks and clogged artery.”
D) “Not exercising causes blood pooling and heart attack.”
# Answer: C
Rationale: Pathogenesis refers to the progression of disease from initial changes
(inflammation, fatty streaks) to artery blockage.
6. Symptom vs Sign
Question: Which is a symptom rather than a sign?
A) Oxygen saturation 83%
B) Increased work of breathing lying supine
C) Diminished breath sounds
D) Respiratory rate 31
# Answer: B
Rationale: Symptoms are subjective; signs are objective and measurable.
7. Complications of Disease or Treatment
Question: Which are complications? (Select all that apply)
A) Massive pulmonary emboli after new-onset atrial fibrillation
B) Intense incision pain after colon surgery
C) Pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin treatment
D) Gradual inability to walk with Parkinson disease
E) Loss of short-term memory with Alzheimer disease
Page 3 of 511
,(Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
# Answer: A, C
Rationale: Complications are unexpected or adverse outcomes. Incision pain, Parkinson
progression, and Alzheimer memory loss are expected.
8. Interpretation of Lab Values
Question: Which statement is true about normal lab values?
A) Normal value falls within the bell curve
B) Above 50% distribution = elevated
C) All labs adjusted for gender and weight
D) Negative result of sensitive test doesn’t rule out disease
# Answer: A
Rationale: Normal values are based on statistical distribution (bell curve).
9. Blood Test Sensitivity and Specificity
Question: Test shows 99.8% true positives, 1.3% false positives. Best characterization?
A) Low validity; high reliability
B) High sensitivity; low specificity
C) High specificity; low reliability
D) High sensitivity; low reliability
# Answer: B
Rationale: Most patients with disease test positive (high sensitivity); false positives = low
specificity.
10. Predictive Value of PSA Screening
Question: High positive predictive value, low negative predictive value:
A) High PSA → cancer; low PSA → some still develop cancer
B) Low PSA → cancer-free; high PSA → some cancer-free
C) Low PSA → false positives; high PSA → false positives
D) Low sensitivity, high specificity
# Answer: A
Rationale: Low negative predictive value = test fails to rule out disease in some negatives;
high positive predictive value = positive tests accurately indicate disease.
11. Preclinical Stage of Disease
Question: Male exposed to hepatitis C but asymptomatic is in:
A) Preclinical stage
B) Remission
Page 4 of 511
, (Test Bank Porth's Pathophysiology_ Concepts of Altered Health States 11e by Tommie L. Norris H:Q&A).
C) Clinical disease stage
D) Chronic phase
# Answer: A
Rationale: Disease is not yet clinically evident but will progress.
12. Incidence Example – Hantavirus
Question: Yosemite exposure example illustrates:
A) Anticipated mortality rate
B) Prevalence
C) Low morbidity
D) Incidence
# Answer: D
Rationale: Incidence = new cases in a population at risk during a specified time.
13. Epidemiological Characterization
Question: Disease with high morbidity, low mortality, many living cases, few new cases:
A) Low mortality; high morbidity; low prevalence; high incidence
B) Low mortality; high morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
C) High mortality; low morbidity; high incidence; low prevalence
D) High morbidity; low mortality; high prevalence; low incidence
# Answer: D
Rationale: Prevalence = total cases; incidence = new cases; morbidity = impact on life
quality.
14. Case–Control Study
Question: Study comparing mothers of affected vs healthy infants:
A) Cohort
B) Cross-sectional
C) Case–control
D) Risk factor
# Answer: C
Rationale: Case–control studies compare groups with (case) and without (control) the
outcome.
15. Cohort Study
Question: Following children from kindergarten to age 25 to study diet, health, and disease:
Page 5 of 511
