TEST BANK PRESCOTT'S MICROBIOLOGY 11TH EDITION
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Outlined 1962 based on dif. from Eukaryotes
-Lack membrane-bound nucleus, a cytoskeleton, membrane-bound organelles, and internal
membranous structures.
Bacteria and archaea - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅from 160s biochemical, genetic and
genomic analyses shown= distinct from one another
Shape of bacterial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cocci and rod most common
various others
Bacterial cells arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Determined by plane of division
Determined by separation or not.
Bacterial Cell Sizes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Varies
Cocci shape and arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cocci-Spheres
Diplococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅pairs
Streptococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chains
Straphylococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Grape like clusters
Tetrads - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4 cocci in a square
sarcinae - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cubic configuration of 8 cocci
,Bacilli (s., bacillus ) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅rods
Coccobacilli - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅very short rod
Vibrios - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Resemble rods, comma shaped
Spirilla (s., spirillum) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅rigid helices
Spirochetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Flexible helices
Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Network of long, multinucleate filaments
Pleomorphic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organisms that are variable in shape
Size small - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0.3 um
Mycoplasma
Size Average Rod - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1,1 to 1,5 by 2 to 6 um
E.coli
Size Very Large - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅600 by 80 um
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
size-shape relationship - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Important for nutrient uptake
Surface to volume ration (S/V)
Large size and odd shape may be protective mechanisms from predation.
, Bacterial Cell Organization-Common Features - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cell envelope-
3 layers
Cytoplasm
External Structures
Common Bacterial Structures - Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Selectively
permeable barrier,
Mechanical boundary of cell,
nutrient and waste transport,
location of many metabolic processes (respiration, photosynthesis),
detection of environmental cues for chemotaxis
Gas Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅An inclusion that provides buoyancy for floating
in aquatic environments
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protein Synthesis
Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Storage of carbon, phosphate, and other substances,
site of chemical reactions ( microcompartments ) movement
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Localization of genetic material (DNA)
Periplasmic Space - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In typical Gram-Negative bacteria,
contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake,
in typical Gram-Positive bacteria, may be smaller or absent
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protection from osmotic stress,
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Outlined 1962 based on dif. from Eukaryotes
-Lack membrane-bound nucleus, a cytoskeleton, membrane-bound organelles, and internal
membranous structures.
Bacteria and archaea - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅from 160s biochemical, genetic and
genomic analyses shown= distinct from one another
Shape of bacterial cells - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cocci and rod most common
various others
Bacterial cells arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Determined by plane of division
Determined by separation or not.
Bacterial Cell Sizes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Varies
Cocci shape and arrangement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cocci-Spheres
Diplococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅pairs
Streptococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Chains
Straphylococci - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Grape like clusters
Tetrads - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅4 cocci in a square
sarcinae - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cubic configuration of 8 cocci
,Bacilli (s., bacillus ) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅rods
Coccobacilli - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅very short rod
Vibrios - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Resemble rods, comma shaped
Spirilla (s., spirillum) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅rigid helices
Spirochetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Flexible helices
Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Network of long, multinucleate filaments
Pleomorphic - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Organisms that are variable in shape
Size small - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅0.3 um
Mycoplasma
Size Average Rod - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1,1 to 1,5 by 2 to 6 um
E.coli
Size Very Large - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅600 by 80 um
Epulopiscium fishelsoni
size-shape relationship - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Important for nutrient uptake
Surface to volume ration (S/V)
Large size and odd shape may be protective mechanisms from predation.
, Bacterial Cell Organization-Common Features - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Cell envelope-
3 layers
Cytoplasm
External Structures
Common Bacterial Structures - Plasma Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Selectively
permeable barrier,
Mechanical boundary of cell,
nutrient and waste transport,
location of many metabolic processes (respiration, photosynthesis),
detection of environmental cues for chemotaxis
Gas Vacuole - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅An inclusion that provides buoyancy for floating
in aquatic environments
Ribosomes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protein Synthesis
Inclusion - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Storage of carbon, phosphate, and other substances,
site of chemical reactions ( microcompartments ) movement
Nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Localization of genetic material (DNA)
Periplasmic Space - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅In typical Gram-Negative bacteria,
contains hydrolytic enzymes and binding proteins for nutrient processing and uptake,
in typical Gram-Positive bacteria, may be smaller or absent
Cell Wall - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Protection from osmotic stress,
