Lesson 1: Foundations to Set the Stage - ANSWER
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function - ANSWER
The Normal Cell Cycle - ANSWER -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - ANSWER Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - ANSWER Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - ANSWER -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - ANSWER -DNA replicates
,-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - ANSWER -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
,Major Mpoints Mof Mcell Mregulation Mare Mentry Mand Mexit Mfrom M - MANSWER -G1 Mcheckpoint
-S MPhase
-G2 Mcheckpoint
-M Mphase
Restriction MPoint M- MANSWER -The Mtransition Mfrom Mthe Mresting Mphase Minto Man
Mactively Mdividing Mphase M(G0-G1) Mis Ma Mpoint Mwhere Mcellular Mtransformation Mcan
Moccur
-During Mthis Mtime, Mcells Mpass Mthrough Ma Mtransition Mphase Mknown Mas Ma Mrestriction Mpoint
-Extracellular Mgrowth Mfactors Mtrigger Mreentry Minto MG1, Mand MGF Mare Mrequired Mto Msend
Mthe Mcells Mpast Mthe Mrestriction Mpoint, Mor Mthe Mpoint Mof Mno Mreturn
G0 MPhase M(resting Mphase) M- MANSWER -After Mmitosis, Mcells Mmay Menter Mback Minto
Mthe MG1 Mphase Mor Mgo Minto Ma Mresting Mphase, Mknown Mas MG0
-Most Mcells Min Mthe Mhuman Mbody Mreside Min MG0
-Exceptions Mto Mthis Mare Mthose Mthat Mare M(Resting Min MG0 Mphase) M- MANSWER -
Exceptions Mto Mthis Mare Mthose Mthat Mare Mmetabollically Mactive, Msuch Mas
-granulocytes
-and Mthe Mepithelium Mof Mthe MGI Mtract
Cell MCycling MTime M- MANSWER Amount Mof Mtime Mfrom Mmitosis Mto
Mmitosis MCell Mcycle Mvideo Mand Mimage M- MANSWER
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation_
_how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check Mpoints Min Mthe MCell MCycle: MKeeping Mit MAll MUnder MControl M- MANSWER -The Mcell
Mcycle Mis Mcarefully Mcontrolled Mthrough Ma Mseries Mof Mcheckpoints
-Variation Min Mduplication Mor Mdistribution Mof Mchromosomes Mduring Mcell Mdivision Mcan
Malter Mthe Mgenetic Minformation Mpassed Mon Mto Mdaughter Mcells, Mleading Mto Mcellular
Mdysfunction Mand Mdisease, Msuch Mas Mcancer
-These Mcheckpoints Mmonitor Mfor MDNA Mintegrity Mand Mcontrol Mprogression Mthrough Mmitosis
Progression Mthrough Mthe Mcell Mcycle Mis Mcontrolled Mthrough Mtwo Mproteins: M-
MANSWER 1.
Mcyclines M(D, ME, MA, MB)
, 2. MCyclin-dependent Mkinases M(CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK Mcomplex Mallows Mthe Mcell Mto Mprogress Mthrough Meach Mphase Mof Mthe Mcell Mcycle
Locations Mof Mproteins MCyclins M(D, ME, MA, MB) Mand MCDKs M- MANSWER -(G0-G1) M:
MCyclin MD Mand MCDK M4/6
-Early MS: MCyclin ME Mand MCDK M1/2
-Late MS: MCyclin MA Mand MCDK M1/2
-G2: MCDK M1/2 Mand Mcyclin MA
-Before MM: MCDK M1 Mand MCyclin MB
Inhibitory Mproteins M- MANSWER -prevent Mprogression Mof Mthe Mcycle Mwhen MDNA
Mdamage Mis Mdetected
-An Mexample Mof Man Minhibitory Mprotein Mis Mp53 M(AKA MTP53)
DNA MDamage MCheckpoints M- MANSWER -If MDNA Mdamage Mis Mpresent, Mcells
Mare Mprogrammed Mto Mstop Mdividing Mor Mundergo Mapoptosis M(programmed
Mcell Mdeath)
-The Mretinoblastoma Mprotein M(Rb), Mp53, Mand Mp21 Mare Msome Mof Mthe Mmost Mwell-
understood Minhibitory Mproteins M(IP)
Inhibitory Mproteins Mp53 M- MANSWER -Levels Mof Mthis MIP Mregulate Mseveral Mimportant
Mtarget Mgenes
Focusing on Cellular Structure and Function - ANSWER
The Normal Cell Cycle - ANSWER -The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - ANSWER Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - ANSWER Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - ANSWER -cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - ANSWER -DNA replicates
,-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - ANSWER -Replicated chromosomes are aligned, separated,
and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
,Major Mpoints Mof Mcell Mregulation Mare Mentry Mand Mexit Mfrom M - MANSWER -G1 Mcheckpoint
-S MPhase
-G2 Mcheckpoint
-M Mphase
Restriction MPoint M- MANSWER -The Mtransition Mfrom Mthe Mresting Mphase Minto Man
Mactively Mdividing Mphase M(G0-G1) Mis Ma Mpoint Mwhere Mcellular Mtransformation Mcan
Moccur
-During Mthis Mtime, Mcells Mpass Mthrough Ma Mtransition Mphase Mknown Mas Ma Mrestriction Mpoint
-Extracellular Mgrowth Mfactors Mtrigger Mreentry Minto MG1, Mand MGF Mare Mrequired Mto Msend
Mthe Mcells Mpast Mthe Mrestriction Mpoint, Mor Mthe Mpoint Mof Mno Mreturn
G0 MPhase M(resting Mphase) M- MANSWER -After Mmitosis, Mcells Mmay Menter Mback Minto
Mthe MG1 Mphase Mor Mgo Minto Ma Mresting Mphase, Mknown Mas MG0
-Most Mcells Min Mthe Mhuman Mbody Mreside Min MG0
-Exceptions Mto Mthis Mare Mthose Mthat Mare M(Resting Min MG0 Mphase) M- MANSWER -
Exceptions Mto Mthis Mare Mthose Mthat Mare Mmetabollically Mactive, Msuch Mas
-granulocytes
-and Mthe Mepithelium Mof Mthe MGI Mtract
Cell MCycling MTime M- MANSWER Amount Mof Mtime Mfrom Mmitosis Mto
Mmitosis MCell Mcycle Mvideo Mand Mimage M- MANSWER
http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation_
_how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check Mpoints Min Mthe MCell MCycle: MKeeping Mit MAll MUnder MControl M- MANSWER -The Mcell
Mcycle Mis Mcarefully Mcontrolled Mthrough Ma Mseries Mof Mcheckpoints
-Variation Min Mduplication Mor Mdistribution Mof Mchromosomes Mduring Mcell Mdivision Mcan
Malter Mthe Mgenetic Minformation Mpassed Mon Mto Mdaughter Mcells, Mleading Mto Mcellular
Mdysfunction Mand Mdisease, Msuch Mas Mcancer
-These Mcheckpoints Mmonitor Mfor MDNA Mintegrity Mand Mcontrol Mprogression Mthrough Mmitosis
Progression Mthrough Mthe Mcell Mcycle Mis Mcontrolled Mthrough Mtwo Mproteins: M-
MANSWER 1.
Mcyclines M(D, ME, MA, MB)
, 2. MCyclin-dependent Mkinases M(CDKs)
-Cyclin-CDK Mcomplex Mallows Mthe Mcell Mto Mprogress Mthrough Meach Mphase Mof Mthe Mcell Mcycle
Locations Mof Mproteins MCyclins M(D, ME, MA, MB) Mand MCDKs M- MANSWER -(G0-G1) M:
MCyclin MD Mand MCDK M4/6
-Early MS: MCyclin ME Mand MCDK M1/2
-Late MS: MCyclin MA Mand MCDK M1/2
-G2: MCDK M1/2 Mand Mcyclin MA
-Before MM: MCDK M1 Mand MCyclin MB
Inhibitory Mproteins M- MANSWER -prevent Mprogression Mof Mthe Mcycle Mwhen MDNA
Mdamage Mis Mdetected
-An Mexample Mof Man Minhibitory Mprotein Mis Mp53 M(AKA MTP53)
DNA MDamage MCheckpoints M- MANSWER -If MDNA Mdamage Mis Mpresent, Mcells
Mare Mprogrammed Mto Mstop Mdividing Mor Mundergo Mapoptosis M(programmed
Mcell Mdeath)
-The Mretinoblastoma Mprotein M(Rb), Mp53, Mand Mp21 Mare Msome Mof Mthe Mmost Mwell-
understood Minhibitory Mproteins M(IP)
Inhibitory Mproteins Mp53 M- MANSWER -Levels Mof Mthis MIP Mregulate Mseveral Mimportant
Mtarget Mgenes
