GRE Psychology: Measurement and
Methodology UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Measurement and Methodology - CORRECT ANSWER - psychological tests are
assessments of behavior, attitudes, mental constructs, personality, mental health
Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - -mental construct
-Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use
knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWER - 1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general
IQ tests, designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S.
because too culture-bound (French)
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) - CORRECT ANSWER - defined originally as the ratio of
mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/ca x 100). On
contemporary intelligence test, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of
100.
Mean IQ - CORRECT ANSWER - Mean IQ = 100 -> this means mental and chronological
age correspond
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - CORRECT ANSWER - -Most common standardized
measure of intelligence (IQ= 100xMA/CA);
-100 is the mean 15 is the standard deviation (85-115)
-measures: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and
working memory; predictive of academic achievement, economic success, even greater health,
and longevity
-Lewis Terman
,Lewis Terman - CORRECT ANSWER - 1877-1956; Field: testing; Contributions: revised
Binet's IQ test and established norms for American children
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - CORRECT ANSWER - general test of
intelligence (IQ), most widely used IQ test today; broken down into 14 sub tests, comprising the
verbal (seven sub tests) and performance scales (seven sub tests).
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children - CORRECT ANSWER - -children aged
six to sixteen
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scare of Intelligence (WPPSI) - CORRECT ANSWER --
for children aged four to six
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test - CORRECT ANSWER - Intelligence test for children is
notable for its relatively cross-cultural application and simple directions: "Make a picture of
man. Make the very best picture that you can." Children are scored based on detail and accuracy,
not artistic talent.
IQ correlated most positively with IQ of ________ _________ and _________ ________ of
parents - CORRECT ANSWER - biological parents; socioeconomic status
-Monozygotic twins have the highest correlation, regardless of environment
John Horn and Raymond Cattell - CORRECT ANSWER - Theorist who developed
crystallized and fluid intelligence
Fluid Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - - one's ability to reason speedily & abstractly,
decrease with age
Ability to learn new things and solve problems
Crystallized Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - One's accumulated knowledge and
verbal skills; tends to increase with age
, Robert Zajonc - CORRECT ANSWER - 1923-present; Field: motivation; Contributions:
believes that we invent explanations to label feelings
-studied relationship between birth order and intelligence
-firstborns, second borns, etc. intelligence diminishes with birth order
-more children = less intelligent
-spacing of children -> greater space higher intelligence
Charles Spearmen - CORRECT ANSWER - g factor; he found that specific mental talents
were highly correlated; concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he
labeled G for general ability
Achievement Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - tests designed to assess what a person has
learned.
Aptitude Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - tests designed to predict a person's future
performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
Objective Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - multiple choice, matching, true/false, short
answer, and fill in tests. Scoring answers does not require interpretation.
-structured test
-more objective
-not entirely objective (self reports)
Q-sort or Q-measure - CORRECT ANSWER - psychological test requiring subjects to sort
items relative to one another along a dimension such as ``agree''/``disagree'' for analysis by Q-
methodological statistics
an analytic technique used to characterize, attitudes, opinions, or judgments of individuals
through a process of comparative rank ordering.
Methodology UPDATED Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Measurement and Methodology - CORRECT ANSWER - psychological tests are
assessments of behavior, attitudes, mental constructs, personality, mental health
Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - -mental construct
-Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use
knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWER - 1857-1911; Field: testing; Contributions: general
IQ tests, designed test to identify slow learners in need of remediation-not applicable in the U.S.
because too culture-bound (French)
Intelligence Quotient (IQ) - CORRECT ANSWER - defined originally as the ratio of
mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus, IQ=ma/ca x 100). On
contemporary intelligence test, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of
100.
Mean IQ - CORRECT ANSWER - Mean IQ = 100 -> this means mental and chronological
age correspond
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale - CORRECT ANSWER - -Most common standardized
measure of intelligence (IQ= 100xMA/CA);
-100 is the mean 15 is the standard deviation (85-115)
-measures: fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and
working memory; predictive of academic achievement, economic success, even greater health,
and longevity
-Lewis Terman
,Lewis Terman - CORRECT ANSWER - 1877-1956; Field: testing; Contributions: revised
Binet's IQ test and established norms for American children
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - CORRECT ANSWER - general test of
intelligence (IQ), most widely used IQ test today; broken down into 14 sub tests, comprising the
verbal (seven sub tests) and performance scales (seven sub tests).
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale for Children - CORRECT ANSWER - -children aged
six to sixteen
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scare of Intelligence (WPPSI) - CORRECT ANSWER --
for children aged four to six
Goodenough Draw-A-Man Test - CORRECT ANSWER - Intelligence test for children is
notable for its relatively cross-cultural application and simple directions: "Make a picture of
man. Make the very best picture that you can." Children are scored based on detail and accuracy,
not artistic talent.
IQ correlated most positively with IQ of ________ _________ and _________ ________ of
parents - CORRECT ANSWER - biological parents; socioeconomic status
-Monozygotic twins have the highest correlation, regardless of environment
John Horn and Raymond Cattell - CORRECT ANSWER - Theorist who developed
crystallized and fluid intelligence
Fluid Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - - one's ability to reason speedily & abstractly,
decrease with age
Ability to learn new things and solve problems
Crystallized Intelligence - CORRECT ANSWER - One's accumulated knowledge and
verbal skills; tends to increase with age
, Robert Zajonc - CORRECT ANSWER - 1923-present; Field: motivation; Contributions:
believes that we invent explanations to label feelings
-studied relationship between birth order and intelligence
-firstborns, second borns, etc. intelligence diminishes with birth order
-more children = less intelligent
-spacing of children -> greater space higher intelligence
Charles Spearmen - CORRECT ANSWER - g factor; he found that specific mental talents
were highly correlated; concluded that all cognitive abilities showed a common core which he
labeled G for general ability
Achievement Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - tests designed to assess what a person has
learned.
Aptitude Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - tests designed to predict a person's future
performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
Objective Tests - CORRECT ANSWER - multiple choice, matching, true/false, short
answer, and fill in tests. Scoring answers does not require interpretation.
-structured test
-more objective
-not entirely objective (self reports)
Q-sort or Q-measure - CORRECT ANSWER - psychological test requiring subjects to sort
items relative to one another along a dimension such as ``agree''/``disagree'' for analysis by Q-
methodological statistics
an analytic technique used to characterize, attitudes, opinions, or judgments of individuals
through a process of comparative rank ordering.
