Test Bank for Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 2nd Edition Tkacs

,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
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PRACTICE
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1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
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A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.

D) granuloma.


2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
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momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
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A) bleeding.
B) congestion.
C) pale skin. l




D) coolness.


3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
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leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
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numbers?
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A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
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step in the process?
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A) Engulfment
B) Intracellular killing l




C) Antigen margination l

,D) Recognition and adherence l l




5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
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permeability and pain?
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A) Serotonin

B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin
D) Nitric oxide l




6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
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following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
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A) Serous
B) Fibrinous
C) Suppurative

D) Membranous


7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
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of inflammation and includes:
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A) fever and lethargy.
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B) decreased C-reactive protein. l l




C) positive nitrogen balance. l l




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
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8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
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which of the following phenomena?
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A) Profuse fibrinous exudation l l




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
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C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis l l l




D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages l l l

, 9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
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lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
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A) stabilize thermal control in the brain.
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B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
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C) block viral replication in cells.
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D) inhibit prostaglandin release.
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10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
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. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation in
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the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will occur
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during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
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A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces l l l l l




B) Chemotaxis

C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium l l l l l




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris l l l




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
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. experiencing chronic inflammation? l l




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
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B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
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C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
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D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
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12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
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.
A) 35.9C (96.6F) l




B) 38.0C (100.4F) l




C) 35.5C (95.9F) l




D) 37.3C (99.1F) l