Mental Health Outline
Psychosocial Theories:
Mental illness: Alterations in one's thinking, mood, behavior. Associated with
distress or impaired functioning.
Adaption: return to equilibrium, function in society
Maladaptive: Persistent disequilibrium, unhealthy coping
Freud: Mind to behavior, sexual behaviors. Founder of psychoanalysis
Id: Thinks impulsively, irrational
Ego: Balance
Superego: Concerned about mortality, perfectionist
Conscious mind: Present awareness, easily remembered
Preconscious mind: Not present, easily recalled
Unconscious mind: Surface in dreams, defense mechanisms
Sullivan: therapeutic milieu
HIldegard Peplau: “Mother” of psychiatric nursing, interpersonal relationships
Created levels of anxiety
Transference: Patient puts feelings onto nurse
Countertransference: Nurse puts feelings onto patient
Cognitive behavior therapy: Aaron Beck
Benjamin Rush: Father of psychiatry, humanistic care
Dorotheo Dix: creation of MH hospitals, activist
Linda Richards: First psych Nurse
,1963: Community MH act
-Funding
-Deinstitutionalization
1950: Chlorpromazine, first TCA
1960: Chlordiazepoxide: First benzodiazepine
1967: Haloperidol
1970: Lithium
Legal Ethical
Ethical Dilemma: two unfavorable decisions
Voluntary: Obtain release, may leave 48-72 hours
Involuntary: Stays on record, harm to self/others. Includes 3 legal documents.
Signed by judge within 20 days
Autonomy: self determination
Beneficence: Doing good for others best interest
Non-maleficence: Doing no harm
Justice: Fair/equal treatment
Veracity: Truth/honesty
Fidelity: honors commitment
1992: Patients bill of rights (AHA)
Assault: Threat
Battery: touching without consent
Restraints:
Only good for 4 hours, must be face to face w/ physician in 1 hour
Has to have 1:1, or frequent checks
, Psychiatric Assessment
Clanging: Rhymes
Word salad: bunch of random words
Neologisms: Made up word
Preservation: Won't get off topic
Flight of ideas: Fast pace, topic jumping; often in bipolar
Tangentially: Never gets to point
Circumstantially: Eventually gets to point
Echolalia: Copying words
Echopraxia: Copying movements
Loose association: Same topic, all over the place
Anhedonia: Lack of pleasure
Grandiosity: Superiory, thinks they are the king/queen
Cerebellum: Voluntary movements, posture
Cerebrum: Regulates temp, logic
Brain stem: Respiratory, cardiovascular
Limbic system: Frontal lobe, sensation, memory, feelings
, Neurotransmitters
Serotonin: Derived from tryptophan, modules mood, sleep, appetite, sex.
LOW IN DEPRESSION
Norepinephrine: Flight/fight response. UNDERSUPPLY DEPRESSED MOOD, CAN
CAUSE ADHD
Epinephrine: Stress hormone, managed by adrenal system
Dopamine: Addictive behaviors, psychotic symptoms. HIGH DOPAMINE IN
BIPOLAR AND SCHIZOPHRENIA. Low in parkinsons, ADHD. Derived from tyrosine
Histamine: Released in allergic reaction, can cause sedation, low bp, weight gain.
Arousal,learning
Acetylcholine: Muscle activation, alzheimers linked to low levels of acetylcholine.
Low in bipolar, high in depression
GABA: natural antianxiety, UNDERSUPPLY=SEIZURES.
BENZODIAZEPINES WORK ON GABA
GABA/GLUTAMATE BALANCE EACHOTHER OUT
Psychosocial Theories:
Mental illness: Alterations in one's thinking, mood, behavior. Associated with
distress or impaired functioning.
Adaption: return to equilibrium, function in society
Maladaptive: Persistent disequilibrium, unhealthy coping
Freud: Mind to behavior, sexual behaviors. Founder of psychoanalysis
Id: Thinks impulsively, irrational
Ego: Balance
Superego: Concerned about mortality, perfectionist
Conscious mind: Present awareness, easily remembered
Preconscious mind: Not present, easily recalled
Unconscious mind: Surface in dreams, defense mechanisms
Sullivan: therapeutic milieu
HIldegard Peplau: “Mother” of psychiatric nursing, interpersonal relationships
Created levels of anxiety
Transference: Patient puts feelings onto nurse
Countertransference: Nurse puts feelings onto patient
Cognitive behavior therapy: Aaron Beck
Benjamin Rush: Father of psychiatry, humanistic care
Dorotheo Dix: creation of MH hospitals, activist
Linda Richards: First psych Nurse
,1963: Community MH act
-Funding
-Deinstitutionalization
1950: Chlorpromazine, first TCA
1960: Chlordiazepoxide: First benzodiazepine
1967: Haloperidol
1970: Lithium
Legal Ethical
Ethical Dilemma: two unfavorable decisions
Voluntary: Obtain release, may leave 48-72 hours
Involuntary: Stays on record, harm to self/others. Includes 3 legal documents.
Signed by judge within 20 days
Autonomy: self determination
Beneficence: Doing good for others best interest
Non-maleficence: Doing no harm
Justice: Fair/equal treatment
Veracity: Truth/honesty
Fidelity: honors commitment
1992: Patients bill of rights (AHA)
Assault: Threat
Battery: touching without consent
Restraints:
Only good for 4 hours, must be face to face w/ physician in 1 hour
Has to have 1:1, or frequent checks
, Psychiatric Assessment
Clanging: Rhymes
Word salad: bunch of random words
Neologisms: Made up word
Preservation: Won't get off topic
Flight of ideas: Fast pace, topic jumping; often in bipolar
Tangentially: Never gets to point
Circumstantially: Eventually gets to point
Echolalia: Copying words
Echopraxia: Copying movements
Loose association: Same topic, all over the place
Anhedonia: Lack of pleasure
Grandiosity: Superiory, thinks they are the king/queen
Cerebellum: Voluntary movements, posture
Cerebrum: Regulates temp, logic
Brain stem: Respiratory, cardiovascular
Limbic system: Frontal lobe, sensation, memory, feelings
, Neurotransmitters
Serotonin: Derived from tryptophan, modules mood, sleep, appetite, sex.
LOW IN DEPRESSION
Norepinephrine: Flight/fight response. UNDERSUPPLY DEPRESSED MOOD, CAN
CAUSE ADHD
Epinephrine: Stress hormone, managed by adrenal system
Dopamine: Addictive behaviors, psychotic symptoms. HIGH DOPAMINE IN
BIPOLAR AND SCHIZOPHRENIA. Low in parkinsons, ADHD. Derived from tyrosine
Histamine: Released in allergic reaction, can cause sedation, low bp, weight gain.
Arousal,learning
Acetylcholine: Muscle activation, alzheimers linked to low levels of acetylcholine.
Low in bipolar, high in depression
GABA: natural antianxiety, UNDERSUPPLY=SEIZURES.
BENZODIAZEPINES WORK ON GABA
GABA/GLUTAMATE BALANCE EACHOTHER OUT
