TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOK 3RD EDITION DUDERSTADT

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TEST BANK FOR PEDIATRIC
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PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AN
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ILLUSTRATEDHANDBOOK3RD
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EDITION DUDERSTADT
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Pediatric Physical Examination 3rd Edition Duderstadt TESTBANK
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Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE m




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children.
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m Which statement best describes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying m m m m m m m m




rates within normal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells.
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c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle m m m m m m m m




development occurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. m m m m m m m m




ANS: A m




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in
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m the childs function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and
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m complexity can vary normally within limits for each child. An increase in the
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m number and size of cells is a definition for growth. Development proceeds in a
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m proximodistal direction with fine muscle organization occurring as a result of large
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m muscle organization. Development is a more complex process that is affected by many
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m factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately measured. Growth is a
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m predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
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identify any delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood.
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d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C m




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master
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m specific developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during
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m particular periods of time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is
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m a dynamic time of development that requires frequent evaluations to assess
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m appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a nurturing environment will develop
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m appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation specific to their developmental
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m stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in a predictable
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m pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C m




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate.
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m Although factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can
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m influence genetic traits, they do not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment,
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m which is permanent. Culture is a significant factor that influences how children grow
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m toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and development but does not
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m eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant role in determining
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m growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can influence
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m how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors cannot
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m eliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a
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m significant role throughout childhood. m m m




4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian
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m theory, the period of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish
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m fact from fantasy is the
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a. sensorimotor




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