Pathophysiology Exam 2
Which of the following valves directs blood flow from the left atrium to the
left ventricle?
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Aortic
D. Pulmonic correct answersA. Mitral
The layer of squamous cells that lines the cardiac chambers and valves is
called the:
E. myocardium
F. endocardium
G. epicardium
H. Pericardium correct answersB. endocardium
How much does the atrial kick increase the blood volume?
I. 5%-10%
J. 10%-15%
K. 15%-20%
L. 20%-25% correct answersC. 15%-20%
Which of the following waves corresponds with the AV valve bulging during
ventricular contraction?
M.A wave
N. C wave
O. D wave
P.V wave correct answersB. C wave (The A wave corresponds with atrial
contraction, the C wave corresponds with the AV valve bulging during
ventricular contraction, and the V wave corresponds to atrial filling. There is
no D wave.
What portions of the heart does the left anterior descending branch supply?
Q. Septal, anterior and apical
R. Lateral and Posterior
S. Lateral and septal
T. Posterior and apical correct answersA. Septal, anterior, and apical
What is the name for the arrangement in which separate cells of the
myocardium can function together?
U. Autoregulation
V. Syncytium
W.Ischemia
X. Myocyte correct answersB. Syncytium
, The structure that is composed of six polypeptide chains, two heavy
chains, and four light chains is called:
A. actin
B. tropomyosin
C. troponin
D. myosin correct answersD. myosin
Which electrolyte is necessary for muscle contraction?
E. Na+
F. K+
G. Ca++
H. Mg++ correct answersC. Ca++
Which of the following statments is true regarding muscle contraction?
I. Calcium removal from the cytoplasm causes contraction.
J. Calcium entry into the cytoplasm causes relaxation.
K. Cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated.
L.Contraction of cardiac muscle results from lengthening of
sarcomeres. correct answersC. Cardiac myocytes are terminally
differentiated.
Which of the following phases of cardiac action potentials is causes by
closure of the fast sodium channels?
M.Phase 0
N. Phase1
O. Phase 2
P. Phase 3 correct answersB. Phase 1
Which of the following refers to intermittent, spontaneous
generation of action potentials?
Q. Rhythmicity
R. Relative refractory
S. Antiarrhythmics
T. Repolarization correct answersA. Rhythmicity
Which of the following is not a normal excitation pathway?
U. AV node
V. SA node
W.Bundle of His
X. VA node correct answersD. VA node
Which of the following statements is true regarding the vagus
nerves?
Y. The left vagus nerve supplies the SA node.
Z. The right vagus nerve supplies both the SA and AV nodes.
AA.Parasympathetic nerves innervate all of the ventricles.
AB.Parasympathetic nerve stimulation reduces the heart rate.
correct answersD. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation reduces the
heart rate.
Which of the following valves directs blood flow from the left atrium to the
left ventricle?
A. Mitral
B. Tricuspid
C. Aortic
D. Pulmonic correct answersA. Mitral
The layer of squamous cells that lines the cardiac chambers and valves is
called the:
E. myocardium
F. endocardium
G. epicardium
H. Pericardium correct answersB. endocardium
How much does the atrial kick increase the blood volume?
I. 5%-10%
J. 10%-15%
K. 15%-20%
L. 20%-25% correct answersC. 15%-20%
Which of the following waves corresponds with the AV valve bulging during
ventricular contraction?
M.A wave
N. C wave
O. D wave
P.V wave correct answersB. C wave (The A wave corresponds with atrial
contraction, the C wave corresponds with the AV valve bulging during
ventricular contraction, and the V wave corresponds to atrial filling. There is
no D wave.
What portions of the heart does the left anterior descending branch supply?
Q. Septal, anterior and apical
R. Lateral and Posterior
S. Lateral and septal
T. Posterior and apical correct answersA. Septal, anterior, and apical
What is the name for the arrangement in which separate cells of the
myocardium can function together?
U. Autoregulation
V. Syncytium
W.Ischemia
X. Myocyte correct answersB. Syncytium
, The structure that is composed of six polypeptide chains, two heavy
chains, and four light chains is called:
A. actin
B. tropomyosin
C. troponin
D. myosin correct answersD. myosin
Which electrolyte is necessary for muscle contraction?
E. Na+
F. K+
G. Ca++
H. Mg++ correct answersC. Ca++
Which of the following statments is true regarding muscle contraction?
I. Calcium removal from the cytoplasm causes contraction.
J. Calcium entry into the cytoplasm causes relaxation.
K. Cardiac myocytes are terminally differentiated.
L.Contraction of cardiac muscle results from lengthening of
sarcomeres. correct answersC. Cardiac myocytes are terminally
differentiated.
Which of the following phases of cardiac action potentials is causes by
closure of the fast sodium channels?
M.Phase 0
N. Phase1
O. Phase 2
P. Phase 3 correct answersB. Phase 1
Which of the following refers to intermittent, spontaneous
generation of action potentials?
Q. Rhythmicity
R. Relative refractory
S. Antiarrhythmics
T. Repolarization correct answersA. Rhythmicity
Which of the following is not a normal excitation pathway?
U. AV node
V. SA node
W.Bundle of His
X. VA node correct answersD. VA node
Which of the following statements is true regarding the vagus
nerves?
Y. The left vagus nerve supplies the SA node.
Z. The right vagus nerve supplies both the SA and AV nodes.
AA.Parasympathetic nerves innervate all of the ventricles.
AB.Parasympathetic nerve stimulation reduces the heart rate.
correct answersD. Parasympathetic nerve stimulation reduces the
heart rate.
