TEST BANK FOR
n n
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
n n n n n n n n n n
Chapter 01: Introduction
n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichnofnthenfollowingnisnannexamplenofntertiarynprevention?
a. Vaccinationnfornrotavirusnfornchildrenn youngernthannthenagenofn1n year
b. Surgicalnamputationnofnannextremitynwithnosteosarcoman(bonencancer)
c. Screeningnforngestationalndiabetesnaftern24nweeksnofnpregnancy
d. Sexualneducationnprogramninnelementarynschools
e. Increasingntaxesnfornbuyingncigarettesn
ANS:nB
Surgicalnamputationnofnannextremitynwithnosteosarcoman(bonencancer)nisnannexampleninnwhichn
whennandiseasenisnpresentnthentreatmentn(amputation)nisndonentonreducenthenimpactnofndiseasenbyn
preventingnthentumornfromndissemination.nVaccinationnfornrotavirusnfornchildrennyoungernthannt
henagenofn1nyear,nsexualneducationnprogramninnelementarynschools,nandnincreasingntaxesnfornbuyi
ngncigarettesnrepresentnexamplesnofnprimarynprevention.nScreeningnforngestationalndiabetesnafte
rn24nweeksnofnpregnancynisnannexamplenofnsecondarynprevention.
2. Thisnhistoricncharacternobservednthatnchildbednfevernmortalitynwasnmorencommonnamongn
womenntreatednbynphysiciansnandnmedicalnstudentsncomparednwithnwomenntreatednbynmidwi
ves.nBasednonnhisnobservations,nhenimplementednanhandnwashnpolicynthatnresultedninnandecreas
eninnmortality.nNamenthencharacternthatnwenarentalkingnabout.
a. JohnnSnow
b. EdwardnJenner
c. D.A.nHenderson
d. LeonnGordis
e. IgnaznSemmelweisn
ANS:nE
IgnaznSemmelweisnidentifiednthatnmedicalnstudentsnandnphysiciansntransmittednthendiseasenbynn
otnwashingntheirnhandsnafternexaminingnbodiesnatnautopsiesnandnconductingnmultiplenexaminati
onsninnthenclinic.
3. ThanksntonthencontributionsnofnEdwardnJenner,nthenfollowingndiseasenwasneradicatednlaternb
yneffortsnorganizednbynD.A.nHenderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,TestnBank 1-2
ANS:nB
Smallpoxnwasneradicatedninn1980.nEdwardnJennernvaccinatednJamesnPhippsninn1796nagainstns
mallpox.nAlmostn200n yearsnlater,nthenWorldnHealthnOrganizationn(WHO)ncommissioned
D.A.nHendersonntonleadntheneffortsntoneradicatenthendisease.
4. Overnthenpastncentury,nanmarkedndeclineninnthenmortalitynratesnofnmanyninfectiousndiseasesnh
asnbeennobserved.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnisnthenmostnlikelynreasonnfornthenobservedndeclineninn
mortalitynratesnfromncommonninfectiousndiseases?
a. Developmentnofnpenicillin
b. Developmentnofninsulin
c. Developmentnofnvaccines
d. Improvementninnsocialnconditions
e. Worsensanitationnandnunsafenwatern
ANS:nD
Althoughnmedicalntreatmentsnpotentiallynhelpedninnthendecreasenofninfectiousndiseases,nthena
dvancementninnsocialnconditionsnplayednanmajornrole.nThesenimprovementsnincludenbetternsa
nitation,nsafendisposalnofnwaste,nbetternnutrition,nandnimprovementninnhousingnconditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
n n n n n n
TestnBanknMULTIPL
EnCHOICE
1. Whichntermnmostnaccuratelyndescribesnthenfollowingndefinition?n“Thenoccurrenceninnancom
munitynornregionnofncasesnofnannillness,nspecificnhealth-relatednbehavior,nornothernhealth-
nrelatedneventsnclearlyninnexcessnofnnormalnexpectancy.”n[PortanM,ned.nAnDictionarynofnEpidem
iology.nNewnYork:nOxfordnUniversitynPress;n2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attacknrate
e. Incubationnperiodn
ANS:nB
Annepidemicnisnthenoccurrencenofnhealth-
relatedneventsninnancommunitynornregion,ninnclearnexcessnofnnormalnexpectation.nEndemicnisnno
tntruenbecausenitnisndefinednasnthenconstantnoccurrencenofnandisease,ndisorder,nornnoxiousninfecti
ousnagentninnangeographicnareanornpopulationngroup.nPandemicnisnnotntruenbecausenitnisndefinedn
asnannepidemicnoccurringnovernanverynwidenarea,ncrossingninternationalnboundaries,nandnusuall
ynaffectingnanlargennumbernof
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
,TestnBank 1-3
people.nAttacknratenisnnotntruenbecausenitnisndefinednasnnumbernofnpeoplenatnriskninnwhomnancer
tainnillnessndevelopsnoverntotalnnumbernofnpeoplenatnrisk.nIncubationnperiodnisnnotntruenbecaus
enitnisnthenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofn
recognizablensymptoms).
2. Whatnisnthenmostnaccuratendefinitionnofnthenincubationnperiodn(ofnanninfectiousndisease)?
a. Thentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessnornthenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms
b. Thenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofnr
ecognizablensymptoms)
c. Thentimenofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent
d. Thentimenbetweenninitiationnofninfectionnandnfirstnsheddingnornexcretionnofnthenagent
e. Thenperiodnbetweennexposurenandnthenonsetnofninfectiousnessn
ANS:nB
Thenincubationnperiodnisndefinednasnthenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnof
nclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms);ninnothernwords,nthentimenbetweennthenmo
mentnofndevelopingnsymptomsnandnthenmomentnofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent.n“Thentimeno
fnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessnornthenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms”nisnnotntruenasnitncorrespondsnt
on“timenofnonset.”n“Thentimenofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent”nisnnotntruenasnitncorrespondsnton
“timenofninfection.”n“Thentimenbetweenninitiationnofninfectionnandnfirstnsheddingnornexcretionno
fnthenagent”nandn“Thenperiodnbetweennexposurenandnthenonsetnofninfectiousness”narennotntruenasn
theyncorrespondntonthenlatentnperiod.n(Thenlatentnperiodnisnfocusingnonnthenonsetnofninfectiousne
ss,nbutnthenincubationnperiodnisnfocusingnonnthenonsetnofnthensymptom.)
3. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferenc
e.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonhost
nattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npeopl
enwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfoodnfromnthenluncheonnatnt
henconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nBasednonlynonntheninformationngivenninnthisnquestion,nhownman
ynpeoplenarenatnriskninnthisnfoodnpoisoningnoutbreak?
a.n1,000
b.n1,100
c.n1,150
d.n150
e.n50nA
NS:nB
Peoplenatnriskninnthisnoutbreaknarenpeoplenwhonwerenexposedntonthenfoodnatnthenconference.nEve
nnthoughn1,150npeoplenwerenatnthenconference,n50npeoplenwhonservednthenfoodndidnnotneatnthenfo
od.nThereforenwenhaventonexcludenthosen50npeople.
4. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferen
ce.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonh
ostnattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npe
oplenwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfood
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
, TestnBank 1-4
fromnthenluncheonnatnthenconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nAfternanninitialnoutbreaknofnfoodnpoison
ingnisnreported,nannepidemiologistnsendsnsurveysntonallnpeoplenatnriskntoninvestigatenthencause.nH
owever,nonlyn900npeoplenamongnthosenatnrisknanswernthensurvey.nAfternanalysisnofn900nsurveyn
results,nthenepidemiologistnconcludesnthatnthenmostnsuspectednfoodsninnthenoutbreaknarenpepper
oninpizzanandnmeatballnspaghetti.nWhatnisnthenoverallnattacknratenfornthosenwhonatenmeatballnspa
ghetti?nUsenthenfollowingntablentonanswernthenquestion.
SummarynofnSurveynResponses
Numbernofnpeoplenwhondevel Numbernofnpeoplenwhonatenthen
opednthencasendefinitionnsymp food
toms
Pepperoninpizzanonly 113 275
Meatballnspaghettinonly 62 375
Bothnpepperoninpizzanandn 57 150
meatballnspaghetti
Neithernofnpepperoninpizzanorn 10 100
meatballnspaghetti
a.n41%
b.n38%
c.n27%
d.n40%
e.n23%n
ANS:nE
Toncalculatenthenfood-
specificnattacknrate,nwenneedntondefinenhownmanynpeoplenarenexposedntonthenspecificnfoodnandnh
ownmanynpeoplendevelopnthensymptomsninnthencasendefinition.nInnthisnquestion,nwenarenaskingna
boutn“overall”nattacknrateninnthosenpeoplenwhonatenmeatballnspaghetti,nsonwenhaventonaddn“meat
ballnspaghettinonly”nandn“bothnpepperoninpizzanandnmeatballnspaghetti”ntongetnthenoverallnrate.n
Whichnisn525n(375nplusn150),nwhonarenatnrisknofnexposure,nandn119n(62nplusn57),nwhondevelope
dnthensymptoms,ncorrespondingnton23%nofnattacknrate.
5. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferen
ce.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonh
ostnattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npe
oplenwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfoodnfromnthenluncheon
natnthenconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nAfternanninitialnoutbreaknofnfoodnpoisoningnisnreported,nan
nepidemiologistnsendsnsurveysntonallnpeoplenatnriskntoninvestigatenthencause.nHowever,nonlyn900
npeoplenamongnthosenatnrisknanswernthensurvey.nAfternanalysisnofn900nsurveynresults,nthenepide
miologistnconcludesnthatnthenmostnsuspectednfoodsninnthenoutbreaknarenpepperoninpizzanandnm
eatballnspaghetti.nWhatnisnthenmostnsuspectednfoodnfornfoodnpoisoningnafterncross-
tabulation?nUsenthenfollowingntablentonanswernthenquestion.nSummarynofnSurveynResponses
Numbernofnpeoplenwho Numbernofnpeoplenwhonatenthe
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
n n
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
n n n n n n n n n n
Chapter 01: Introduction
n n
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. Whichnofnthenfollowingnisnannexamplenofntertiarynprevention?
a. Vaccinationnfornrotavirusnfornchildrenn youngernthannthenagenofn1n year
b. Surgicalnamputationnofnannextremitynwithnosteosarcoman(bonencancer)
c. Screeningnforngestationalndiabetesnaftern24nweeksnofnpregnancy
d. Sexualneducationnprogramninnelementarynschools
e. Increasingntaxesnfornbuyingncigarettesn
ANS:nB
Surgicalnamputationnofnannextremitynwithnosteosarcoman(bonencancer)nisnannexampleninnwhichn
whennandiseasenisnpresentnthentreatmentn(amputation)nisndonentonreducenthenimpactnofndiseasenbyn
preventingnthentumornfromndissemination.nVaccinationnfornrotavirusnfornchildrennyoungernthannt
henagenofn1nyear,nsexualneducationnprogramninnelementarynschools,nandnincreasingntaxesnfornbuyi
ngncigarettesnrepresentnexamplesnofnprimarynprevention.nScreeningnforngestationalndiabetesnafte
rn24nweeksnofnpregnancynisnannexamplenofnsecondarynprevention.
2. Thisnhistoricncharacternobservednthatnchildbednfevernmortalitynwasnmorencommonnamongn
womenntreatednbynphysiciansnandnmedicalnstudentsncomparednwithnwomenntreatednbynmidwi
ves.nBasednonnhisnobservations,nhenimplementednanhandnwashnpolicynthatnresultedninnandecreas
eninnmortality.nNamenthencharacternthatnwenarentalkingnabout.
a. JohnnSnow
b. EdwardnJenner
c. D.A.nHenderson
d. LeonnGordis
e. IgnaznSemmelweisn
ANS:nE
IgnaznSemmelweisnidentifiednthatnmedicalnstudentsnandnphysiciansntransmittednthendiseasenbynn
otnwashingntheirnhandsnafternexaminingnbodiesnatnautopsiesnandnconductingnmultiplenexaminati
onsninnthenclinic.
3. ThanksntonthencontributionsnofnEdwardnJenner,nthenfollowingndiseasenwasneradicatednlaternb
yneffortsnorganizednbynD.A.nHenderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,TestnBank 1-2
ANS:nB
Smallpoxnwasneradicatedninn1980.nEdwardnJennernvaccinatednJamesnPhippsninn1796nagainstns
mallpox.nAlmostn200n yearsnlater,nthenWorldnHealthnOrganizationn(WHO)ncommissioned
D.A.nHendersonntonleadntheneffortsntoneradicatenthendisease.
4. Overnthenpastncentury,nanmarkedndeclineninnthenmortalitynratesnofnmanyninfectiousndiseasesnh
asnbeennobserved.nWhichnofnthenfollowingnisnthenmostnlikelynreasonnfornthenobservedndeclineninn
mortalitynratesnfromncommonninfectiousndiseases?
a. Developmentnofnpenicillin
b. Developmentnofninsulin
c. Developmentnofnvaccines
d. Improvementninnsocialnconditions
e. Worsensanitationnandnunsafenwatern
ANS:nD
Althoughnmedicalntreatmentsnpotentiallynhelpedninnthendecreasenofninfectiousndiseases,nthena
dvancementninnsocialnconditionsnplayednanmajornrole.nThesenimprovementsnincludenbetternsa
nitation,nsafendisposalnofnwaste,nbetternnutrition,nandnimprovementninnhousingnconditions.
Chapter 02: The Dynamics of Disease Transmission
n n n n n n
TestnBanknMULTIPL
EnCHOICE
1. Whichntermnmostnaccuratelyndescribesnthenfollowingndefinition?n“Thenoccurrenceninnancom
munitynornregionnofncasesnofnannillness,nspecificnhealth-relatednbehavior,nornothernhealth-
nrelatedneventsnclearlyninnexcessnofnnormalnexpectancy.”n[PortanM,ned.nAnDictionarynofnEpidem
iology.nNewnYork:nOxfordnUniversitynPress;n2014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attacknrate
e. Incubationnperiodn
ANS:nB
Annepidemicnisnthenoccurrencenofnhealth-
relatedneventsninnancommunitynornregion,ninnclearnexcessnofnnormalnexpectation.nEndemicnisnno
tntruenbecausenitnisndefinednasnthenconstantnoccurrencenofnandisease,ndisorder,nornnoxiousninfecti
ousnagentninnangeographicnareanornpopulationngroup.nPandemicnisnnotntruenbecausenitnisndefinedn
asnannepidemicnoccurringnovernanverynwidenarea,ncrossingninternationalnboundaries,nandnusuall
ynaffectingnanlargennumbernof
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
,TestnBank 1-3
people.nAttacknratenisnnotntruenbecausenitnisndefinednasnnumbernofnpeoplenatnriskninnwhomnancer
tainnillnessndevelopsnoverntotalnnumbernofnpeoplenatnrisk.nIncubationnperiodnisnnotntruenbecaus
enitnisnthenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofn
recognizablensymptoms).
2. Whatnisnthenmostnaccuratendefinitionnofnthenincubationnperiodn(ofnanninfectiousndisease)?
a. Thentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessnornthenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms
b. Thenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofnr
ecognizablensymptoms)
c. Thentimenofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent
d. Thentimenbetweenninitiationnofninfectionnandnfirstnsheddingnornexcretionnofnthenagent
e. Thenperiodnbetweennexposurenandnthenonsetnofninfectiousnessn
ANS:nB
Thenincubationnperiodnisndefinednasnthenintervalnfromnreceiptnofninfectionntonthentimenofnonsetnof
nclinicalnillnessn(thenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms);ninnothernwords,nthentimenbetweennthenmo
mentnofndevelopingnsymptomsnandnthenmomentnofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent.n“Thentimeno
fnonsetnofnclinicalnillnessnornthenonsetnofnrecognizablensymptoms”nisnnotntruenasnitncorrespondsnt
on“timenofnonset.”n“Thentimenofninvasionnbynanninfectiousnagent”nisnnotntruenasnitncorrespondsnton
“timenofninfection.”n“Thentimenbetweenninitiationnofninfectionnandnfirstnsheddingnornexcretionno
fnthenagent”nandn“Thenperiodnbetweennexposurenandnthenonsetnofninfectiousness”narennotntruenasn
theyncorrespondntonthenlatentnperiod.n(Thenlatentnperiodnisnfocusingnonnthenonsetnofninfectiousne
ss,nbutnthenincubationnperiodnisnfocusingnonnthenonsetnofnthensymptom.)
3. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferenc
e.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonhost
nattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npeopl
enwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfoodnfromnthenluncheonnatnt
henconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nBasednonlynonntheninformationngivenninnthisnquestion,nhownman
ynpeoplenarenatnriskninnthisnfoodnpoisoningnoutbreak?
a.n1,000
b.n1,100
c.n1,150
d.n150
e.n50nA
NS:nB
Peoplenatnriskninnthisnoutbreaknarenpeoplenwhonwerenexposedntonthenfoodnatnthenconference.nEve
nnthoughn1,150npeoplenwerenatnthenconference,n50npeoplenwhonservednthenfoodndidnnotneatnthenfo
od.nThereforenwenhaventonexcludenthosen50npeople.
4. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferen
ce.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonh
ostnattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npe
oplenwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfood
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
, TestnBank 1-4
fromnthenluncheonnatnthenconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nAfternanninitialnoutbreaknofnfoodnpoison
ingnisnreported,nannepidemiologistnsendsnsurveysntonallnpeoplenatnriskntoninvestigatenthencause.nH
owever,nonlyn900npeoplenamongnthosenatnrisknanswernthensurvey.nAfternanalysisnofn900nsurveyn
results,nthenepidemiologistnconcludesnthatnthenmostnsuspectednfoodsninnthenoutbreaknarenpepper
oninpizzanandnmeatballnspaghetti.nWhatnisnthenoverallnattacknratenfornthosenwhonatenmeatballnspa
ghetti?nUsenthenfollowingntablentonanswernthenquestion.
SummarynofnSurveynResponses
Numbernofnpeoplenwhondevel Numbernofnpeoplenwhonatenthen
opednthencasendefinitionnsymp food
toms
Pepperoninpizzanonly 113 275
Meatballnspaghettinonly 62 375
Bothnpepperoninpizzanandn 57 150
meatballnspaghetti
Neithernofnpepperoninpizzanorn 10 100
meatballnspaghetti
a.n41%
b.n38%
c.n27%
d.n40%
e.n23%n
ANS:nE
Toncalculatenthenfood-
specificnattacknrate,nwenneedntondefinenhownmanynpeoplenarenexposedntonthenspecificnfoodnandnh
ownmanynpeoplendevelopnthensymptomsninnthencasendefinition.nInnthisnquestion,nwenarenaskingna
boutn“overall”nattacknrateninnthosenpeoplenwhonatenmeatballnspaghetti,nsonwenhaventonaddn“meat
ballnspaghettinonly”nandn“bothnpepperoninpizzanandnmeatballnspaghetti”ntongetnthenoverallnrate.n
Whichnisn525n(375nplusn150),nwhonarenatnrisknofnexposure,nandn119n(62nplusn57),nwhondevelope
dnthensymptoms,ncorrespondingnton23%nofnattacknrate.
5. TherenwasnanfoodnpoisoningnoutbreaknonnApriln1,n2018,natnthenCitynZnFoodnSafetynConferen
ce.nTherenweren1,000npeoplenregisterednfornthenconferencenwithnluncheon,n100nvolunteersntonh
ostnattendees,nandn50npeoplenwhonservednthenluncheonnduringnthenconference.nExceptnforn50npe
oplenwhonservednthenfood,nallnofnthenparticipantsnandnvolunteersnatenthenfoodnfromnthenluncheon
natnthenconferencenonnApriln1,n2018.nAfternanninitialnoutbreaknofnfoodnpoisoningnisnreported,nan
nepidemiologistnsendsnsurveysntonallnpeoplenatnriskntoninvestigatenthencause.nHowever,nonlyn900
npeoplenamongnthosenatnrisknanswernthensurvey.nAfternanalysisnofn900nsurveynresults,nthenepide
miologistnconcludesnthatnthenmostnsuspectednfoodsninnthenoutbreaknarenpepperoninpizzanandnm
eatballnspaghetti.nWhatnisnthenmostnsuspectednfoodnfornfoodnpoisoningnafterncross-
tabulation?nUsenthenfollowingntablentonanswernthenquestion.nSummarynofnSurveynResponses
Numbernofnpeoplenwho Numbernofnpeoplenwhonatenthe
Copyrightn©n2020nbynElsevier,nInc.nAllnrightsnreserved.
