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,Contents
Equation sheet vii
Introduction viii
Biology
1 Cell biology
2 Organisation
3 Infection and response
4 Bioenergetics
5 Homeostasis and response
6 Inheritance, variation and evolution
7 Ecology
Biology practice exam papers
Paper 1 53
Paper 2 61
Chemistry
8 Atomic structure and the periodic table
9 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter
10 Quantitative chemistry
11 Chemical changes
12 Energy changes
13 The rate and extent of chemical change
14 Organic chemistry
15 Chemical analysis
16 Chemistry of the atmosphere
17 Using the Earth’s resources
Chemistry practice exam papers
Paper 1 121
Paper 2 125
Physics
18 Energy
19 Electricity
20 Particle model
21 Atomic structure
,22 Forces
23 Waves
24 Magnetism and electromagnetism
Physics practice exam papers
Paper 1 183
Paper 2 189
Biology answers 193
Chemistry answers 207
Physics answers 222
, 1 Cell biology
Cell structure
Quick questions
p2 4.1.1.1 1 What is a ‘eukaryotic cell’?
p2–3 4.1.1.1 2 What is a ‘prokaryotic cell’?
p6 4.1.1.2 3 Plant and algal cells have cell walls. What is their cell wall made of?
p10 4.1.1.4 4 Cells differentiate as an organism develops. What does differentiate mean?
p12 4.1.1.5 5 What is meant by the resolution (or resolving power) of a microscope?
p12 4.1.1.5 6 Why can ribosomes not be seen using a light microscope?
p15 4.1.1.5 7 Give the formula for calculating the magnification of an object.
p11 4.1.1.5 8 Rearrange the equation for magnification to find:
• the real size of an object
• the image size.
RP2 9 Give the equation used to calculate the area of a circle.
MS5c
MS1b 10 Convert these numbers into standard form:
• 456 000
• 0.00032
Exam-style questions
11 Figure 1 shows two cells labelled A and B. One is a prokaryotic
cell and one is a eukaryotic cell.
length = X micrometres
length = 2 micrometres
mitochondrion
Cell A, magnification × 40 000 Cell B, magnification × 400
Figure 1
1
, p3 4.1.1.1 11–1 Give the letter of the prokaryotic cell. [1]
1 Cell biology
p2–4 4.1.1.1 11–2 Describe two ways that cell A is different from cell B. [2]
p16 4.1.1.1 WS4.5 11–3 Cell A is 2 micrometres (μm) long. Give its length in millimetres
MS2h (mm) and in nanometres (nm). [2]
p15 4.1.1.5 MS2h,3b 11–4 Figure 1 shows cell A and cell B the same length, but the
WS4.5 magnification of each cell is different.
Cell A is 2 µm long. Cell B is X µm long.
Calculate the length of cell B. [2]
p4–5 4.1.1.2 11–5 Mitochondrion, ribosome and nucleus are structures found in eukaryotic cells.
Write the structures in order of size from smallest to largest. [1]
p3–5 4.1.1.1 11–6 Suggest one reason why prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria.
Use information from Figure 1. [1]
Total: 9
12 Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
Cells are either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have different structures.
p3–6 4.1.1.1 12–1 Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both contain genetic material.
Describe two ways that the genetic material is arranged
differently in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [2]
p4–6 4.1.1.2 12–2 Plant cells contain chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
Give two other differences between plant cells and animal cells. [2]
p12 4.1.1.5 12–3 Some of the sub-cellular structures in cells can only be seen
using an electron microscope.
Give two reasons why electron microscopes are used to study
cells in finer detail than light microscopes. [2]
p10–11 4.1.1.4 12–4 Cells may differentiate to become specialised cells.
Explain what happens when a cell differentiates. [2]
p10–11 4.1.1.4 12–5 Describe the main difference between differentiation in animal
cells and plant cells. [2]
p8–10
&69
12–6 Describe at least three of the structures and functions of
specialised plant and animals cells. [6]
Total: 16
2
, Cell structure
p4–8&11 4.1.1.2 13 Figure 2 shows a light microscope.
A
E
D
B
specimen
C
mirror
Figure 2
13–1 Name the parts of the microscope labelled A–E. Choose your
answers from the options below. [5]
eyepiece lens objective lenses coarse focus fine focus stage
RP1 13–2 Describe a method used to prepare cheek cells for viewing with a
AT7
light microscope. [3]
13–3 Describe how a light microscope can be used to view a prepared
RP1
AT7
slide of cells at high power. [6]
13–4 Figure 3 shows a cheek cell seen with a light microscope.
AT7
Figure 3
Draw the cell shown in the photo. Label the cell membrane,
cytoplasm and nucleus. [2]
13–5 Describe the functions of these three parts of a cell:
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. [3]
RP1 13–6 A student looks at cheek cells using the light microscope, but
AT7
cannot see individual cells.
Suggest what the student needs to do to the microscope to see
individual cells. [2]
Total: 21
3
, Cell division
1 Cell biology
Quick questions
p19 4.1.2.1 1 Name the part of the cell that contains chromosomes.
p19–20 4.1.2.1 2 What are chromosomes made of?
p19–20 4.1.2.1 3 What are carried on chromosomes?
Exam-style questions
p19–23 4.1.2.1 4 New cells are produced by cell division.
Figure 4 shows an animal cell with some of its structures
magnified to show more detail.
C
A B
Figure 4
4–1 Name parts A–C. Choose your answers from the options below. [3]
chromosome gene nucleus
4–2 Multicellular organisms, such as plants, use cell division during
their development.
Give one other use of cell division by mitosis in multicellular organisms. [1]
4–3 Plants contain meristem tissue. What is the function of meristem tissue?[1]
4–4 Stem cells from meristem tissue in plants can be used to produce clones.
Give two advantages of producing clones using stem cells from
meristem tissue. [2]
4–5 Plant cloning can be used to protect rare species from extinction.
Describe one other use of plant cloning. [2]
Total: 9
4
,Contents
Equation sheet vii
Introduction viii
Biology
1 Cell biology
2 Organisation
3 Infection and response
4 Bioenergetics
5 Homeostasis and response
6 Inheritance, variation and evolution
7 Ecology
Biology practice exam papers
Paper 1 53
Paper 2 61
Chemistry
8 Atomic structure and the periodic table
9 Bonding, structure and the properties of matter
10 Quantitative chemistry
11 Chemical changes
12 Energy changes
13 The rate and extent of chemical change
14 Organic chemistry
15 Chemical analysis
16 Chemistry of the atmosphere
17 Using the Earth’s resources
Chemistry practice exam papers
Paper 1 121
Paper 2 125
Physics
18 Energy
19 Electricity
20 Particle model
21 Atomic structure
,22 Forces
23 Waves
24 Magnetism and electromagnetism
Physics practice exam papers
Paper 1 183
Paper 2 189
Biology answers 193
Chemistry answers 207
Physics answers 222
, 1 Cell biology
Cell structure
Quick questions
p2 4.1.1.1 1 What is a ‘eukaryotic cell’?
p2–3 4.1.1.1 2 What is a ‘prokaryotic cell’?
p6 4.1.1.2 3 Plant and algal cells have cell walls. What is their cell wall made of?
p10 4.1.1.4 4 Cells differentiate as an organism develops. What does differentiate mean?
p12 4.1.1.5 5 What is meant by the resolution (or resolving power) of a microscope?
p12 4.1.1.5 6 Why can ribosomes not be seen using a light microscope?
p15 4.1.1.5 7 Give the formula for calculating the magnification of an object.
p11 4.1.1.5 8 Rearrange the equation for magnification to find:
• the real size of an object
• the image size.
RP2 9 Give the equation used to calculate the area of a circle.
MS5c
MS1b 10 Convert these numbers into standard form:
• 456 000
• 0.00032
Exam-style questions
11 Figure 1 shows two cells labelled A and B. One is a prokaryotic
cell and one is a eukaryotic cell.
length = X micrometres
length = 2 micrometres
mitochondrion
Cell A, magnification × 40 000 Cell B, magnification × 400
Figure 1
1
, p3 4.1.1.1 11–1 Give the letter of the prokaryotic cell. [1]
1 Cell biology
p2–4 4.1.1.1 11–2 Describe two ways that cell A is different from cell B. [2]
p16 4.1.1.1 WS4.5 11–3 Cell A is 2 micrometres (μm) long. Give its length in millimetres
MS2h (mm) and in nanometres (nm). [2]
p15 4.1.1.5 MS2h,3b 11–4 Figure 1 shows cell A and cell B the same length, but the
WS4.5 magnification of each cell is different.
Cell A is 2 µm long. Cell B is X µm long.
Calculate the length of cell B. [2]
p4–5 4.1.1.2 11–5 Mitochondrion, ribosome and nucleus are structures found in eukaryotic cells.
Write the structures in order of size from smallest to largest. [1]
p3–5 4.1.1.1 11–6 Suggest one reason why prokaryotic cells do not have mitochondria.
Use information from Figure 1. [1]
Total: 9
12 Cells are the basic unit of all living things.
Cells are either eukaryotic or prokaryotic.
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells have different structures.
p3–6 4.1.1.1 12–1 Eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells both contain genetic material.
Describe two ways that the genetic material is arranged
differently in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. [2]
p4–6 4.1.1.2 12–2 Plant cells contain chloroplasts, but animal cells do not.
Give two other differences between plant cells and animal cells. [2]
p12 4.1.1.5 12–3 Some of the sub-cellular structures in cells can only be seen
using an electron microscope.
Give two reasons why electron microscopes are used to study
cells in finer detail than light microscopes. [2]
p10–11 4.1.1.4 12–4 Cells may differentiate to become specialised cells.
Explain what happens when a cell differentiates. [2]
p10–11 4.1.1.4 12–5 Describe the main difference between differentiation in animal
cells and plant cells. [2]
p8–10
&69
12–6 Describe at least three of the structures and functions of
specialised plant and animals cells. [6]
Total: 16
2
, Cell structure
p4–8&11 4.1.1.2 13 Figure 2 shows a light microscope.
A
E
D
B
specimen
C
mirror
Figure 2
13–1 Name the parts of the microscope labelled A–E. Choose your
answers from the options below. [5]
eyepiece lens objective lenses coarse focus fine focus stage
RP1 13–2 Describe a method used to prepare cheek cells for viewing with a
AT7
light microscope. [3]
13–3 Describe how a light microscope can be used to view a prepared
RP1
AT7
slide of cells at high power. [6]
13–4 Figure 3 shows a cheek cell seen with a light microscope.
AT7
Figure 3
Draw the cell shown in the photo. Label the cell membrane,
cytoplasm and nucleus. [2]
13–5 Describe the functions of these three parts of a cell:
cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. [3]
RP1 13–6 A student looks at cheek cells using the light microscope, but
AT7
cannot see individual cells.
Suggest what the student needs to do to the microscope to see
individual cells. [2]
Total: 21
3
, Cell division
1 Cell biology
Quick questions
p19 4.1.2.1 1 Name the part of the cell that contains chromosomes.
p19–20 4.1.2.1 2 What are chromosomes made of?
p19–20 4.1.2.1 3 What are carried on chromosomes?
Exam-style questions
p19–23 4.1.2.1 4 New cells are produced by cell division.
Figure 4 shows an animal cell with some of its structures
magnified to show more detail.
C
A B
Figure 4
4–1 Name parts A–C. Choose your answers from the options below. [3]
chromosome gene nucleus
4–2 Multicellular organisms, such as plants, use cell division during
their development.
Give one other use of cell division by mitosis in multicellular organisms. [1]
4–3 Plants contain meristem tissue. What is the function of meristem tissue?[1]
4–4 Stem cells from meristem tissue in plants can be used to produce clones.
Give two advantages of producing clones using stem cells from
meristem tissue. [2]
4–5 Plant cloning can be used to protect rare species from extinction.
Describe one other use of plant cloning. [2]
Total: 9
4
