GOL 105 Exam 2 Solution Manual Fully Solved Latest Update 2025 Already Passed
Magma - Answers Completely are partly molten Rock which one called solidifies into igneous rocks
Igneous rocks - Answers Composed mainly of silicate minerals (silicon & oxygen). Formed my partial
melting of solid rock in earths upper mantle
Molten rock reaches earths surface where it is called _____ - Answers Lava
Most magma consist of three materials - Answers A liquid component, a solid component and a gaseous
component
A liquid portion of magma is called _____ its composed mainly of mobile ions of the eight most common
elements found in earths crust silicon and oxygen along with lesser amounts of aluminum potassium
calcium sodium iron and magnesium - Answers Melt
The solid components in magma (if any) are _____ of silicate minerals - Answers Crystals
The gaseous component of Magma called _______ are materials that vaporize at surface pressures.
Volatile is most commonly present in magma are water vapor H2O, carbon dioxide CO2 and sulfur
dioxide they are confined in the magma by the immense pressure exerted by the overlying rocks -
Answers Volatiles
In the process called ________ cooling reverses the events of melting - Answers Crystallization
When magma crystallize adapt it forms ________ also known as plutonic rocks - Answers Intrusive
igneous rocks
Igneous rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at the surface are classified as __________ they are
also called volcanic rocks - Answers Extrusive igneous rocks
As magma cools and solidifies these elements combine to form two major groups of silicate minerals: -
Answers The light silicates (nonferromagnesian) and the dark silicates (ferromagnesian)
________contain greater amounts of potassium sodium and calcium light silicate minerals are richer in
silica than dark silicates they include quartz, muscovite mica and the most abundant mineral group the
feldspar's - Answers Light silicate
_______ are rich in iron and or magnesium and comparatively low in silica. olivine, pyroxene and
amphibole and biotite mica are the common dark silicate minerals of earths crust - Answers Dark
silicates
Igneous classification - Answers Felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultra mafic (light to dark)
Rocks composed almost entirely of light colored silicate such as courts and potassium felt spar are
classified as ______ - Answers Felsic
, Because Phil sick magma most commonly solidifies to form granite geologist also referred to this type of
magma as having _________ - Answers Granitic composition
Rocks that contain at least 45% dark silicates are called - Answers Mafic
Because mafic magma most often solidifies to form the igneous rock basalt geologist also referred to
this type of magma is having a ________ - Answers Basaltic composition
Rocks with a composite between felsic and mafic rocks are said to have an _______ or _______ -
Answers Intermediate, and andestic composition
Another important igneous rock _______ contains mostly olive and piroxine in thus Falls and the
opposite side of the compositional spectrum from felsic rocks - Answers Peridotite
Because peridotite is composed mostly entirely a pharaoh magnesium minerals its chemical composition
is referred to as ______ - Answers Ultramafic
Mineralogist use the term ______ to describe the overall appearance of a rock based on the size, shape
and arrangement of its mineral grains not how it feels to touch - Answers Texture
Igneous rocks that form at the surface or as small intrusive masses within the upper crust where cooling
is relatively rapid exhibit a _____________ termed aphantic (not visible) - Answers Fine-grained texture
Enlarge masses of magma slowly crystallized at great depth they they make me us rocks that exhibit a
_______ ______ describe as phaneritic (visible) - Answers Coarse grained texture
A rock which has large crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller crystals is said to have a ______ ______
- Answers Porphyritic texture
The large crystals in porphyritic rocks are referred to as ________ - Answers Phenocrysts (show crystal)
The matrix of smaller crystals in prophyritic rocks are called _________ - Answers Groundmass
A rock with a porphyritic texture is termed a ______ - Answers Porphyry
Common features and many excrusive rocks are the voids left by gas bubbles that escape as lava
solidifies called ________ - Answers Vesicles
Rocks that contain vesicles are said to have a _______ ______ - Answers Vesicular texture
Rocks that exhibit a vest guill or texture off then form in the upper zone of a _____ were cooling occurs
rapidly enough to preserve the openings - Answers Lava flow
Another vesicular rock called _____forms when silica rich lava is ejected during an explosive eruption -
Answers Pumice
Rapid cooling of molten rock may generate rocks having a ______ - Answers Glassy texture
Magma - Answers Completely are partly molten Rock which one called solidifies into igneous rocks
Igneous rocks - Answers Composed mainly of silicate minerals (silicon & oxygen). Formed my partial
melting of solid rock in earths upper mantle
Molten rock reaches earths surface where it is called _____ - Answers Lava
Most magma consist of three materials - Answers A liquid component, a solid component and a gaseous
component
A liquid portion of magma is called _____ its composed mainly of mobile ions of the eight most common
elements found in earths crust silicon and oxygen along with lesser amounts of aluminum potassium
calcium sodium iron and magnesium - Answers Melt
The solid components in magma (if any) are _____ of silicate minerals - Answers Crystals
The gaseous component of Magma called _______ are materials that vaporize at surface pressures.
Volatile is most commonly present in magma are water vapor H2O, carbon dioxide CO2 and sulfur
dioxide they are confined in the magma by the immense pressure exerted by the overlying rocks -
Answers Volatiles
In the process called ________ cooling reverses the events of melting - Answers Crystallization
When magma crystallize adapt it forms ________ also known as plutonic rocks - Answers Intrusive
igneous rocks
Igneous rocks that form when molten rock solidifies at the surface are classified as __________ they are
also called volcanic rocks - Answers Extrusive igneous rocks
As magma cools and solidifies these elements combine to form two major groups of silicate minerals: -
Answers The light silicates (nonferromagnesian) and the dark silicates (ferromagnesian)
________contain greater amounts of potassium sodium and calcium light silicate minerals are richer in
silica than dark silicates they include quartz, muscovite mica and the most abundant mineral group the
feldspar's - Answers Light silicate
_______ are rich in iron and or magnesium and comparatively low in silica. olivine, pyroxene and
amphibole and biotite mica are the common dark silicate minerals of earths crust - Answers Dark
silicates
Igneous classification - Answers Felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultra mafic (light to dark)
Rocks composed almost entirely of light colored silicate such as courts and potassium felt spar are
classified as ______ - Answers Felsic
, Because Phil sick magma most commonly solidifies to form granite geologist also referred to this type of
magma as having _________ - Answers Granitic composition
Rocks that contain at least 45% dark silicates are called - Answers Mafic
Because mafic magma most often solidifies to form the igneous rock basalt geologist also referred to
this type of magma is having a ________ - Answers Basaltic composition
Rocks with a composite between felsic and mafic rocks are said to have an _______ or _______ -
Answers Intermediate, and andestic composition
Another important igneous rock _______ contains mostly olive and piroxine in thus Falls and the
opposite side of the compositional spectrum from felsic rocks - Answers Peridotite
Because peridotite is composed mostly entirely a pharaoh magnesium minerals its chemical composition
is referred to as ______ - Answers Ultramafic
Mineralogist use the term ______ to describe the overall appearance of a rock based on the size, shape
and arrangement of its mineral grains not how it feels to touch - Answers Texture
Igneous rocks that form at the surface or as small intrusive masses within the upper crust where cooling
is relatively rapid exhibit a _____________ termed aphantic (not visible) - Answers Fine-grained texture
Enlarge masses of magma slowly crystallized at great depth they they make me us rocks that exhibit a
_______ ______ describe as phaneritic (visible) - Answers Coarse grained texture
A rock which has large crystals embedded in a matrix of smaller crystals is said to have a ______ ______
- Answers Porphyritic texture
The large crystals in porphyritic rocks are referred to as ________ - Answers Phenocrysts (show crystal)
The matrix of smaller crystals in prophyritic rocks are called _________ - Answers Groundmass
A rock with a porphyritic texture is termed a ______ - Answers Porphyry
Common features and many excrusive rocks are the voids left by gas bubbles that escape as lava
solidifies called ________ - Answers Vesicles
Rocks that contain vesicles are said to have a _______ ______ - Answers Vesicular texture
Rocks that exhibit a vest guill or texture off then form in the upper zone of a _____ were cooling occurs
rapidly enough to preserve the openings - Answers Lava flow
Another vesicular rock called _____forms when silica rich lava is ejected during an explosive eruption -
Answers Pumice
Rapid cooling of molten rock may generate rocks having a ______ - Answers Glassy texture
