PMH FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY SCORED
A+ | NEWLY UPDATE 2025
*indicators of a psych disorder* - ANSWER mental health continuum
at the opposite end of the continuum is mental illness
- individuals may have emotional problems or concerns and experience mild to
moderate discomfort and distress
- if the distress increases or persists, individuals may seek professional help
the most severely affected individuals fall into the mental illness portion of the
continuum
- at this point, individuals experience altered thinking, mood, and behavior
- the distinguishing factors is typically chronic or long-term impairments that
range from moderate to disabling
resilience
*DSM-V uses* - ANSWER - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders
- based on specific criteria influenced by multiprofessional clinical field traits
- actually classifies disorders/associated with present symptoms
- assist the nurse in planning care
- indicated expected assessment findings
,*personality structure* - ANSWER ID
- pleasure principle
- reflex action
- primary processes
EGO
- problem solver
- reality tester
SUPEREGO
- moral component
*id* - ANSWER - at birth, we are all id
- the id is totally unconscious and impulsive
- it is the source of all drives, instincts, reflexes and needs
- cannot tolerate frustration and seeks to discharge tension and return to a more
comfortable level of energy
- lacks the ability to problem solve and is illogical
ex; hungry, screaming infant
*ego* - ANSWER - within the first few years of life as the child begins to
interact with others, the ego develops
- the ego resides in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of
awareness
- the problem solver and reality tester; attempts to navigate the outside world
,- able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and objective
reality
- ego follows a reality principle
*superego* - ANSWER develops between the ages of 3-5, represents moral
component of personality
- induces guilt and allows sense of pride
- includes all conscious levels
*transference* - ANSWER refers to unconscious feelings the pt has toward a
healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood towards a significant
other; may be positive (affectionate) or negative (hostile)
ex; u remind me of my sister
*counter-transference* - ANSWER refers to unconscious feelings that the
healthcare worker has toward the pt; self-awareness is vital
ex; the pt reminds you of someone you don't like / may react unconsciously as if
the pt were that individual
interpersonal theory - ANSWER - purpose of all behavior is to get needs met
through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety
- harry sullivan; believed that human beings are drive by the need for interactions
- loneliness is the most painful human condition
, anxiety; painful feelings or emotions that arises from social insecurity or prevents
biological needs from being satisfied
security operations; measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and
enhance security
self-system; all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against
anxiety and ensure self-esteem
hildegard peplau's theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing - ANSWER -
peplau is the first nurse to identify psych as an essential element of general
nursing and as a speciality area that embraces specific governing principles
- describes the nurse-pt relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
- the art of nursing (provide care, compassion and advocacy and enhance comfort
and well-being)
- application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human problems and
psychosocial phenomena and intervening in relieving pts suffering and promote
growth
erikson's eight stages of development - ANSWER trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY SCORED
A+ | NEWLY UPDATE 2025
*indicators of a psych disorder* - ANSWER mental health continuum
at the opposite end of the continuum is mental illness
- individuals may have emotional problems or concerns and experience mild to
moderate discomfort and distress
- if the distress increases or persists, individuals may seek professional help
the most severely affected individuals fall into the mental illness portion of the
continuum
- at this point, individuals experience altered thinking, mood, and behavior
- the distinguishing factors is typically chronic or long-term impairments that
range from moderate to disabling
resilience
*DSM-V uses* - ANSWER - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental
disorders
- based on specific criteria influenced by multiprofessional clinical field traits
- actually classifies disorders/associated with present symptoms
- assist the nurse in planning care
- indicated expected assessment findings
,*personality structure* - ANSWER ID
- pleasure principle
- reflex action
- primary processes
EGO
- problem solver
- reality tester
SUPEREGO
- moral component
*id* - ANSWER - at birth, we are all id
- the id is totally unconscious and impulsive
- it is the source of all drives, instincts, reflexes and needs
- cannot tolerate frustration and seeks to discharge tension and return to a more
comfortable level of energy
- lacks the ability to problem solve and is illogical
ex; hungry, screaming infant
*ego* - ANSWER - within the first few years of life as the child begins to
interact with others, the ego develops
- the ego resides in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious levels of
awareness
- the problem solver and reality tester; attempts to navigate the outside world
,- able to differentiate subjective experiences, memory images, and objective
reality
- ego follows a reality principle
*superego* - ANSWER develops between the ages of 3-5, represents moral
component of personality
- induces guilt and allows sense of pride
- includes all conscious levels
*transference* - ANSWER refers to unconscious feelings the pt has toward a
healthcare worker that were originally felt in childhood towards a significant
other; may be positive (affectionate) or negative (hostile)
ex; u remind me of my sister
*counter-transference* - ANSWER refers to unconscious feelings that the
healthcare worker has toward the pt; self-awareness is vital
ex; the pt reminds you of someone you don't like / may react unconsciously as if
the pt were that individual
interpersonal theory - ANSWER - purpose of all behavior is to get needs met
through interpersonal interactions and to reduce or avoid anxiety
- harry sullivan; believed that human beings are drive by the need for interactions
- loneliness is the most painful human condition
, anxiety; painful feelings or emotions that arises from social insecurity or prevents
biological needs from being satisfied
security operations; measures the individual employs to reduce anxiety and
enhance security
self-system; all of the security operations an individual uses to defend against
anxiety and ensure self-esteem
hildegard peplau's theory of interpersonal relationships in nursing - ANSWER -
peplau is the first nurse to identify psych as an essential element of general
nursing and as a speciality area that embraces specific governing principles
- describes the nurse-pt relationship as the foundation of nursing practice
- the art of nursing (provide care, compassion and advocacy and enhance comfort
and well-being)
- application of knowledge to understand a broad range of human problems and
psychosocial phenomena and intervening in relieving pts suffering and promote
growth
erikson's eight stages of development - ANSWER trust vs mistrust
autonomy vs shame and doubt
initiative vs guilt
industry vs inferiority
identity vs role confusion
