Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Latest Update
Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam
Practice Latest Update
T.i.d
Q.i.d
B.i.d - ✔✔✔-three times a day (ter in die)
Four times a day (quater in die)
Twice a day (bis in die)
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔✔-complex series of events involving how the body reacts to
the movement of drugs in the body. Occurs after drug administration
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔✔-study of the biochemical and physiological effects of
drugs and their mechanism of action in the body.
Nebulizer - ✔✔✔-device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving
respiratory treatment
(to kill small organisms or open lungs)
Metered-dose inhaler - ✔✔✔-handheld device that produces a medicated spray for
inhalation.
Anesthetic gases - ✔✔✔-gaseous forms given with vaporizers
Transdermal (topical) drugs - ✔✔✔-drugs placed on the skin (patch) allowing slow
absorption over time
Concentration gradient - ✔✔✔-drugs moving from areas of higher concentration to
lower concentration
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,Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Latest Update
Bioavailability - ✔✔✔-measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is
available to patient
Water-soluble drugs - ✔✔✔-Drugs that dissolve in water and tend to stay in the
bloodstream and either stay free or bond to various proteins (albumin)
Lipid-soluble drugs - ✔✔✔-drugs absorbed by bodily fats and move out of the
bloodstream into the interstitial space (between organs and tissues)
Fat, liver, bone, and kidneys act as storage sites for these drugs.
Placenta - ✔✔✔-blood brain barrier preventing blood from entering the brain
tissues. May also interfere with the absorption of certain drugs. Provides nutrients
to fetus.
Drug excretion - ✔✔✔-the process of eliminating medications, through the liver
(bile), kidneys (urine), but also through mammary glands, sweat, feces, and saliva.
Residues - ✔✔✔-drugs that will appear in the animal's milk or meat products, can
cause allergic reactions or cause bacteria to become resistant to certain
antibiotics. Can result in cancer.
Efficacy - ✔✔✔-degree to which desired effect is achieved
Potency - ✔✔✔-amount of drug needed to produce desired effect.
Represented by a dose-responsive curve
Lethal dose (LD50) - ✔✔✔-Dose that's lethal to kill 50% of animals given that drug
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, Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Latest Update
Effective dose (ED50) - ✔✔✔-Dose that produced the desired effect in 50% of
animals given that drug
Elixirs - ✔✔✔-compound liquid meds held in a solution by alcohol, contain
flavorings to mask the drug taste.
4 types of syringes - ✔✔✔-1) Slip tip- most common
2) Luer lock- screw top, thick fluids
3) Eccentric tip- larger volumes into a vein
4) Catheter tip- good for oral feedings
IV catheter - ✔✔✔-placed into vein to allow repeated injections, makes repetitive
intravenous meds easier.
Butterfly catheter used for short term IV therapy
Endotracheal tubes - ✔✔✔-Artificial airways placed into the trachea for controlled
ventilation
Tranquilizers - ✔✔✔-compounds used to calm or quiet a patient.
Acepromazine & chlorpromazine
Neuroleptanalgesics - ✔✔✔-- combination of an opioid and tranquilizer or sedative
- cause CNS depression and analgesia and may or may not produce
unconsciousness
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Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam
Practice Latest Update
T.i.d
Q.i.d
B.i.d - ✔✔✔-three times a day (ter in die)
Four times a day (quater in die)
Twice a day (bis in die)
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔✔-complex series of events involving how the body reacts to
the movement of drugs in the body. Occurs after drug administration
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔✔-study of the biochemical and physiological effects of
drugs and their mechanism of action in the body.
Nebulizer - ✔✔✔-device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving
respiratory treatment
(to kill small organisms or open lungs)
Metered-dose inhaler - ✔✔✔-handheld device that produces a medicated spray for
inhalation.
Anesthetic gases - ✔✔✔-gaseous forms given with vaporizers
Transdermal (topical) drugs - ✔✔✔-drugs placed on the skin (patch) allowing slow
absorption over time
Concentration gradient - ✔✔✔-drugs moving from areas of higher concentration to
lower concentration
©®™ Page 1
,Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Latest Update
Bioavailability - ✔✔✔-measures the amount of drug that gets absorbed and is
available to patient
Water-soluble drugs - ✔✔✔-Drugs that dissolve in water and tend to stay in the
bloodstream and either stay free or bond to various proteins (albumin)
Lipid-soluble drugs - ✔✔✔-drugs absorbed by bodily fats and move out of the
bloodstream into the interstitial space (between organs and tissues)
Fat, liver, bone, and kidneys act as storage sites for these drugs.
Placenta - ✔✔✔-blood brain barrier preventing blood from entering the brain
tissues. May also interfere with the absorption of certain drugs. Provides nutrients
to fetus.
Drug excretion - ✔✔✔-the process of eliminating medications, through the liver
(bile), kidneys (urine), but also through mammary glands, sweat, feces, and saliva.
Residues - ✔✔✔-drugs that will appear in the animal's milk or meat products, can
cause allergic reactions or cause bacteria to become resistant to certain
antibiotics. Can result in cancer.
Efficacy - ✔✔✔-degree to which desired effect is achieved
Potency - ✔✔✔-amount of drug needed to produce desired effect.
Represented by a dose-responsive curve
Lethal dose (LD50) - ✔✔✔-Dose that's lethal to kill 50% of animals given that drug
©®™ Page 2
, Penn Foster Pharmacology Proctor Exam Practice Latest Update
Effective dose (ED50) - ✔✔✔-Dose that produced the desired effect in 50% of
animals given that drug
Elixirs - ✔✔✔-compound liquid meds held in a solution by alcohol, contain
flavorings to mask the drug taste.
4 types of syringes - ✔✔✔-1) Slip tip- most common
2) Luer lock- screw top, thick fluids
3) Eccentric tip- larger volumes into a vein
4) Catheter tip- good for oral feedings
IV catheter - ✔✔✔-placed into vein to allow repeated injections, makes repetitive
intravenous meds easier.
Butterfly catheter used for short term IV therapy
Endotracheal tubes - ✔✔✔-Artificial airways placed into the trachea for controlled
ventilation
Tranquilizers - ✔✔✔-compounds used to calm or quiet a patient.
Acepromazine & chlorpromazine
Neuroleptanalgesics - ✔✔✔-- combination of an opioid and tranquilizer or sedative
- cause CNS depression and analgesia and may or may not produce
unconsciousness
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