BIOLOGY GENETICS 2024-2025 EXAM QUESTIONS
CORRECTLY SOLVED
gene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a
protein.
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅one version of a gene. You have one on a chromosome
from Mom, the other on the chromosome from Dad. They are represented by capital or lower
case letters.
dominant allele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A version of a gene where you only need one
copy in order to express that trait. Represented by a capital letter
recessive allele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A version of a gene that is not expressed if
paired with a different type of allele. Represented by a lowercase letter.
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two of the same alleles. If it is two upper case,
the trait is dominant, if it is two lower case, the trait is recessive; (RR/rr)
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A genotype with two different alleles. One
capital next to a lower letter; the capital is dominant and is next to a recessive allele; (Rr)
complete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the dominant allele will take over the
appearance of the recessive allele when there is an uppercase and a lower case together
homozygous recessive - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Two copies of the recessive allele make
up the genotype. When there are two lower case letters together
homozygous dominant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Two copies of the dominant allele
makes up the genotype. There are two upper case letters.
, genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The genetic makeup-- the alleles a person has.
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How the genotype is expressed in the individual.
Punnet Square - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A tool that is used to determine the likelihood
of offspring traits.
Genotypic ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅count the number of squares that have the
same letter combination
Phenotypic ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅count the number of squares that have
different physical appearances
homozygous x homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅no ratio; 100% have the same
genotype and phenotype
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the number and visual appearance of the
chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species-- used to identify chromosomal
abnormalities.
Trisomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome
is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two alleles blend together, giving a
heterozygote a blended phenotype
codominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two alleles share dominance by both expressing
themselves
polygenic inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅traits controlled by more than one gene
CORRECTLY SOLVED
gene - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a section of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a
protein.
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅one version of a gene. You have one on a chromosome
from Mom, the other on the chromosome from Dad. They are represented by capital or lower
case letters.
dominant allele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A version of a gene where you only need one
copy in order to express that trait. Represented by a capital letter
recessive allele - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A version of a gene that is not expressed if
paired with a different type of allele. Represented by a lowercase letter.
homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two of the same alleles. If it is two upper case,
the trait is dominant, if it is two lower case, the trait is recessive; (RR/rr)
heterozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A genotype with two different alleles. One
capital next to a lower letter; the capital is dominant and is next to a recessive allele; (Rr)
complete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the dominant allele will take over the
appearance of the recessive allele when there is an uppercase and a lower case together
homozygous recessive - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Two copies of the recessive allele make
up the genotype. When there are two lower case letters together
homozygous dominant - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Two copies of the dominant allele
makes up the genotype. There are two upper case letters.
, genotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅The genetic makeup-- the alleles a person has.
phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅How the genotype is expressed in the individual.
Punnet Square - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅A tool that is used to determine the likelihood
of offspring traits.
Genotypic ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅count the number of squares that have the
same letter combination
Phenotypic ratio - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅count the number of squares that have
different physical appearances
homozygous x homozygous - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅no ratio; 100% have the same
genotype and phenotype
Karyotype - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅the number and visual appearance of the
chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species-- used to identify chromosomal
abnormalities.
Trisomy - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅a condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome
is present in the cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities
incomplete dominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two alleles blend together, giving a
heterozygote a blended phenotype
codominance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅two alleles share dominance by both expressing
themselves
polygenic inheritance - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅traits controlled by more than one gene
