VTPP 435 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 100%
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Pathogen Examples
Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
Virulence
The disease-producing power of a pathogen
(ability to causes disease)
What is the job of Leukocytes?
Effector Cells of the immune system
What are the types of leukocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T&B
lymphocytes
Neutrophils
1st defenders on the scene!
makes a mess doing phagocytosis but responds very quickly
'highly mobile phagocytic specialists that engulf and destroy unwanted materials.'
Macrophage
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms, antigen presentation (tells T
cells we have a pathogen!)
4hours to respond
Dendritic Cell
Keeping an eye out for pathogens, constantly on the move. Once they spot a pathogen,
they take it to the lymph node for the T and B cells to handle.
(Antigen Presentation)
Mast Cell
Release of Granules containing histamine (ALLERGIES) and active agents
Eosinophils
secrete chemicals that destroy parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions
Natural Killer Cell
Releases lytic granules that punch holes in virus-infected or cancer cells, causing lysis!
Basophils
(similar to mast cells, least abundant leukocyte)
release histamine and heparin and also are involved in allergic reactions
Monocytes
transformed into macrophages, which are large, tissue-bound phagocytic specialists
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
produce antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign material (antibody-
mediated immunity)
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
, directly destroy virus-invaded cells and mutant cells by release chemicals that punch
lethal holes in the victim cells (cell-mediated immunity)
What is lymphoid tissues?
tissues that produce, store or process lymphocytes
Innate v. adaptive immune responses
Innate: responds rapidly, but nonselectively against any foreign material (less effective)
Adaptive: custom response which selectively targets specific invaders (more effective)
What are the main lymphoid tissues?
Bone Marrow
Adenoid
Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph Node
Spleen
Lymphatic Vessels
Appendix
Payer's Patches / GALT
Where are leukocytes created?
bone marrow
What cells are derived from myeloid stem cells
Granulocytes (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils)
Erythrocytes
Monocytes
Which disease has been irradicated from planet earth?
Smallpox
Which of the following are correct in the descriptive features of the immune
system?
Memory and Specificity
What mechanical defense system do our Skin, Gut, Lungs & Eyes/Nose have to
fight infections?
Epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
Which system has the least amount of barriers to infection?
Lungs
only Mechanical (tight junctions/ cilia) and Chemical (antibacterial peptides)
What are the signs of inflammation?
Rubor (redness)
Calor (increased heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Functio Laesa (loss of function)
What is inflammation
A nonspecific response to foreign invasion or tissue damage
What occurs during inflammation?
- resident tissue macrophages begin defense
- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
CORRECT A+ GRADED. Buy Quality Materials!
Pathogen Examples
Bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
Virulence
The disease-producing power of a pathogen
(ability to causes disease)
What is the job of Leukocytes?
Effector Cells of the immune system
What are the types of leukocytes?
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T&B
lymphocytes
Neutrophils
1st defenders on the scene!
makes a mess doing phagocytosis but responds very quickly
'highly mobile phagocytic specialists that engulf and destroy unwanted materials.'
Macrophage
Phagocytosis and activation of bactericidal mechanisms, antigen presentation (tells T
cells we have a pathogen!)
4hours to respond
Dendritic Cell
Keeping an eye out for pathogens, constantly on the move. Once they spot a pathogen,
they take it to the lymph node for the T and B cells to handle.
(Antigen Presentation)
Mast Cell
Release of Granules containing histamine (ALLERGIES) and active agents
Eosinophils
secrete chemicals that destroy parasitic worms and are involved in allergic reactions
Natural Killer Cell
Releases lytic granules that punch holes in virus-infected or cancer cells, causing lysis!
Basophils
(similar to mast cells, least abundant leukocyte)
release histamine and heparin and also are involved in allergic reactions
Monocytes
transformed into macrophages, which are large, tissue-bound phagocytic specialists
B Lymphocytes (B Cells)
produce antibodies that indirectly lead to the destruction of foreign material (antibody-
mediated immunity)
T Lymphocytes (T Cells)
, directly destroy virus-invaded cells and mutant cells by release chemicals that punch
lethal holes in the victim cells (cell-mediated immunity)
What is lymphoid tissues?
tissues that produce, store or process lymphocytes
Innate v. adaptive immune responses
Innate: responds rapidly, but nonselectively against any foreign material (less effective)
Adaptive: custom response which selectively targets specific invaders (more effective)
What are the main lymphoid tissues?
Bone Marrow
Adenoid
Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph Node
Spleen
Lymphatic Vessels
Appendix
Payer's Patches / GALT
Where are leukocytes created?
bone marrow
What cells are derived from myeloid stem cells
Granulocytes (Basophils, Eosinophils, Neutrophils)
Erythrocytes
Monocytes
Which disease has been irradicated from planet earth?
Smallpox
Which of the following are correct in the descriptive features of the immune
system?
Memory and Specificity
What mechanical defense system do our Skin, Gut, Lungs & Eyes/Nose have to
fight infections?
Epithelial cells joined by tight junctions
Which system has the least amount of barriers to infection?
Lungs
only Mechanical (tight junctions/ cilia) and Chemical (antibacterial peptides)
What are the signs of inflammation?
Rubor (redness)
Calor (increased heat)
Tumor (swelling)
Dolor (pain)
Functio Laesa (loss of function)
What is inflammation
A nonspecific response to foreign invasion or tissue damage
What occurs during inflammation?
- resident tissue macrophages begin defense
- vasodilation
- increased capillary permeability
