Chapter0201:02Discovering02the02World02of02Nursing02Research
Gray:02Burns02and02Grove’s02The02Practice02of02Nursing02Research,028th02Edition
MULTIPLE02CHOICE
1. Nurses02with02a02bachelor’s02degree02in02nursing02can02participate02in02the02implementation0
2of02research02into02practice.02This02means02that02the02BSN02nurse:
a. develops02evidence-based02guidelines.
b. designs02research02studies02on02which02protocols02may02be
02based.
c. evaluates02and02revises02evidence-based02protocols.
d. reads02and02critically02appraises02existing02studies.
ANS:0 2 D
Nurses02with02a02Bachelor02of02Science02in02Nursing02(BSN)02degree02have02knowledge02of0
2the02research02process02and02skills02in02reading02and02critically02appraising02studies.02They02
use02the02best02research02evidence02in02practice02with02guidance.02Nurses02with02a02BSN02also
02assist02with02problem02identification02and02data02collection.02Nurses02with02a02Master02of02S
cience02in02Nursing02(MSN)02critically02appraise02and02synthesize02findings02from02studies02t
o02revise02or02develop02protocols,02algorithms,02or02policies02for02use02in02practice.02Nurses02
with02a02Doctor02of02Nursing02Practice02(DNP)02develop,02implement,02and02evaluate02evide
nce-
based02guidelines.02Nurses02with02a02Doctor02of02Philosophy02(PhD)02assume02a02major02role
02in02conducting02research.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02Analysis
2. A02study02is02designed02to02test02the02idea02of02providing02companion02dogs02to02elders02in02a
02major02hospit02al,02in02order02to02determine02the02effect02upon02the02elders’02level02of02orie
ntation.02This02type02of02study02c02an02do02which02of02the02following?
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
ANS: A
Control02is02the02ability02to02manipulate02the02situation02to02produce02the02desired02outcome.02De
scription02inv02olves02observing02and02documenting02nursing02phenomena,02providing02a02snapsh
ot02of02reality.
Explanation02clarifies02the02relationships02among02concepts02and02variables02with02the02goal0
2of02under02standing02how02they02work02with02each02other.02Prediction02involves02estimating
02the02probability02of02a02specific02outcome02in02a02given02situation.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02 Level:02 Application
3. A02researcher02wants02to02know02whether02children02with02autism02who02are02hospitalized02
in02a02pediatr02ic0 2 ward0 2 will0 2 require0 2 more0 2 hours0 2 of0 2 nursing0 2 care0 2 than0 2 the0 2 ave
rage0 2 child,0 2 when0 2 the0 2 parents02or02caregivers02are02not0 2 present.0 2 What02type02of0 2 res
earch0 2 outcome0 2 does0 2 this0 2 provide?
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explanation
,d. Prediction
ANS: D
, Prediction02involves02estimating02the02probability02of02a02specific02outcome02in02a02given02sit
uation.02C02ontrol02is02the02ability02to02manipulate02the02situation02to02produce02the02desired0
2outcome.02Description02involves02observing02and02documenting02nursing02phenomena,02pro
viding02a02snapshot02of02reality.02Explanation02clarifies02the02relationships02among02concepts
02and02variables02with02the02goal02of02unders02tanding02how02they02work02with02each02other.
DIF: Cognitive02Level:02 Application
4. Despite02the02presence02of02an02intraventricular02drain,02the02intracranial02pressure02of02a02pa
tient02in02ne0 2 urological02intensive02care02remains02increased.02The02nurse02recalibrates02the
02machine,02makes02sure02the02monitor02is02on02the02same02level02as02the02drain,02checks02all
02connections,02and02then02notifies02the0 2 physician,02who02comes02to02the02unit02and02insert
s02a02new02drain.02What02type02of02reasoning02or02thinki0 2 ng02prompts02the02nurse02to0 2 rec
alibrate,0 2 assure02proper02placement,02and0 2 check0 2 connections?
a. Abstract02thinking
b. Concrete02thinking
c. Logical02reasoning
d. Dialectical02reasonin
g
ANS: C
Logical02reasoning02is02used02to02dissect02components02of02a02situation02or02conclusion,02examine
02each02care02fully,02and02analyze02relationships02among02the02parts.02Abstract02thinking02is02orie
nted02toward02the02develo02pment02of02an0 2 idea0 2 without0 2 application02to,0 2 or0 2 association02wi
th,0 2 a02particular0 2 instance.
Concrete02thinking02is02oriented02toward02and02limited02by02tangible02things02or02by02events0
2that02are02ob0 2 served02and02experienced02in02reality.02Dialectical02reasoning02involves02loo
king02at02situations02in02a02h02olistic02way.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02 Application
5. A02nurse02with02considerable02clinical02expertise02develops02a02policy02for02managing02agit
ated02patien02ts02in02the02Emergency02Department.02The02resultant02policy02emanates02from
:
a. abstract02 thinking.
b. concrete02 thinking.
c. operational02 reasoning
.
d. dialectical02 reasoning.
ANS:0 2 0 2 A
Abstract02thinking02is02oriented02toward02the02development02of02an02idea02without02applicati
on02to,02or02association02with,02a02particular02instance.02Concrete02thinking02is02oriented02to
ward02and02limited02by02tangible02things02or02by02events02that02are02observed02and02experien
ced02in02reality.02Operational02reaso02ning02is02the02identification02of02and02discrimination02a
mong02many02alternatives02and02viewpoints.02Di02alectical02reasoning02involves02looking02at
02situations02in02a02holistic02way.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02 Application
6. A02nurse02with02considerable02clinical02expertise02develops02a02policy02for02managing02agit
ated02patien02ts0 2 in0 2 the0 2 Emergency0 2 Department.0 2 The0 2 type0 2 of0 2 reasoning0 2 the0 2 nu
rse0 2 uses0 2 to0 2 do0 2 this0 2 is:
a. problematic02 reasoning.
b. operational02 reasoning.
, c. collaborative02reasoning
.
d. inductive02 reasoning.
Gray:02Burns02and02Grove’s02The02Practice02of02Nursing02Research,028th02Edition
MULTIPLE02CHOICE
1. Nurses02with02a02bachelor’s02degree02in02nursing02can02participate02in02the02implementation0
2of02research02into02practice.02This02means02that02the02BSN02nurse:
a. develops02evidence-based02guidelines.
b. designs02research02studies02on02which02protocols02may02be
02based.
c. evaluates02and02revises02evidence-based02protocols.
d. reads02and02critically02appraises02existing02studies.
ANS:0 2 D
Nurses02with02a02Bachelor02of02Science02in02Nursing02(BSN)02degree02have02knowledge02of0
2the02research02process02and02skills02in02reading02and02critically02appraising02studies.02They02
use02the02best02research02evidence02in02practice02with02guidance.02Nurses02with02a02BSN02also
02assist02with02problem02identification02and02data02collection.02Nurses02with02a02Master02of02S
cience02in02Nursing02(MSN)02critically02appraise02and02synthesize02findings02from02studies02t
o02revise02or02develop02protocols,02algorithms,02or02policies02for02use02in02practice.02Nurses02
with02a02Doctor02of02Nursing02Practice02(DNP)02develop,02implement,02and02evaluate02evide
nce-
based02guidelines.02Nurses02with02a02Doctor02of02Philosophy02(PhD)02assume02a02major02role
02in02conducting02research.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02Analysis
2. A02study02is02designed02to02test02the02idea02of02providing02companion02dogs02to02elders02in02a
02major02hospit02al,02in02order02to02determine02the02effect02upon02the02elders’02level02of02orie
ntation.02This02type02of02study02c02an02do02which02of02the02following?
a. Control
b. Describe
c. Explain
d. Predict
ANS: A
Control02is02the02ability02to02manipulate02the02situation02to02produce02the02desired02outcome.02De
scription02inv02olves02observing02and02documenting02nursing02phenomena,02providing02a02snapsh
ot02of02reality.
Explanation02clarifies02the02relationships02among02concepts02and02variables02with02the02goal0
2of02under02standing02how02they02work02with02each02other.02Prediction02involves02estimating
02the02probability02of02a02specific02outcome02in02a02given02situation.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02 Level:02 Application
3. A02researcher02wants02to02know02whether02children02with02autism02who02are02hospitalized02
in02a02pediatr02ic0 2 ward0 2 will0 2 require0 2 more0 2 hours0 2 of0 2 nursing0 2 care0 2 than0 2 the0 2 ave
rage0 2 child,0 2 when0 2 the0 2 parents02or02caregivers02are02not0 2 present.0 2 What02type02of0 2 res
earch0 2 outcome0 2 does0 2 this0 2 provide?
a. Control
b. Description
c. Explanation
,d. Prediction
ANS: D
, Prediction02involves02estimating02the02probability02of02a02specific02outcome02in02a02given02sit
uation.02C02ontrol02is02the02ability02to02manipulate02the02situation02to02produce02the02desired0
2outcome.02Description02involves02observing02and02documenting02nursing02phenomena,02pro
viding02a02snapshot02of02reality.02Explanation02clarifies02the02relationships02among02concepts
02and02variables02with02the02goal02of02unders02tanding02how02they02work02with02each02other.
DIF: Cognitive02Level:02 Application
4. Despite02the02presence02of02an02intraventricular02drain,02the02intracranial02pressure02of02a02pa
tient02in02ne0 2 urological02intensive02care02remains02increased.02The02nurse02recalibrates02the
02machine,02makes02sure02the02monitor02is02on02the02same02level02as02the02drain,02checks02all
02connections,02and02then02notifies02the0 2 physician,02who02comes02to02the02unit02and02insert
s02a02new02drain.02What02type02of02reasoning02or02thinki0 2 ng02prompts02the02nurse02to0 2 rec
alibrate,0 2 assure02proper02placement,02and0 2 check0 2 connections?
a. Abstract02thinking
b. Concrete02thinking
c. Logical02reasoning
d. Dialectical02reasonin
g
ANS: C
Logical02reasoning02is02used02to02dissect02components02of02a02situation02or02conclusion,02examine
02each02care02fully,02and02analyze02relationships02among02the02parts.02Abstract02thinking02is02orie
nted02toward02the02develo02pment02of02an0 2 idea0 2 without0 2 application02to,0 2 or0 2 association02wi
th,0 2 a02particular0 2 instance.
Concrete02thinking02is02oriented02toward02and02limited02by02tangible02things02or02by02events0
2that02are02ob0 2 served02and02experienced02in02reality.02Dialectical02reasoning02involves02loo
king02at02situations02in02a02h02olistic02way.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02 Application
5. A02nurse02with02considerable02clinical02expertise02develops02a02policy02for02managing02agit
ated02patien02ts02in02the02Emergency02Department.02The02resultant02policy02emanates02from
:
a. abstract02 thinking.
b. concrete02 thinking.
c. operational02 reasoning
.
d. dialectical02 reasoning.
ANS:0 2 0 2 A
Abstract02thinking02is02oriented02toward02the02development02of02an02idea02without02applicati
on02to,02or02association02with,02a02particular02instance.02Concrete02thinking02is02oriented02to
ward02and02limited02by02tangible02things02or02by02events02that02are02observed02and02experien
ced02in02reality.02Operational02reaso02ning02is02the02identification02of02and02discrimination02a
mong02many02alternatives02and02viewpoints.02Di02alectical02reasoning02involves02looking02at
02situations02in02a02holistic02way.
DIF:0 2 0 2 Cognitive02Level:02 Application
6. A02nurse02with02considerable02clinical02expertise02develops02a02policy02for02managing02agit
ated02patien02ts0 2 in0 2 the0 2 Emergency0 2 Department.0 2 The0 2 type0 2 of0 2 reasoning0 2 the0 2 nu
rse0 2 uses0 2 to0 2 do0 2 this0 2 is:
a. problematic02 reasoning.
b. operational02 reasoning.
, c. collaborative02reasoning
.
d. inductive02 reasoning.
