NURS 660 PSYCHO PHARM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS( A+ GRADED.)

NURS 660 PSYCHO PHARM EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS: A+ GRADED.


Positive Symptoms of Schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ Delusions, hallucinations, distortions,
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agitation, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior
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Where do positive symptoms originate? -- Answer ✔✔ Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
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Medications to treat positive symptoms -- Answer ✔✔ Antipsychotics
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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ Flat affect, alogia, affective blunting,
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asociality, anhedonia, avolition.
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Where do negative symptoms originate? -- Answer ✔✔ Mesocortical dopamine pathway.
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May also involve mesolimbic regions such as nucleus accumbens
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Medications to treat negative symptoms -- Answer ✔✔ Vraylar, amisulpride
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Hypotheses of Schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ -Mesolimbic pathway is hypothesized to be
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hyperactive resulting in excess dopamine at the synapse.
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-The glutamate activity at NMDA receptors is hypofunctional
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Mesolimbic Pathway Theory of Schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ Mesolimbic pathway is
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hyperactive, resulting in excess dopamine at the synapse which leads to positive
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symptoms. Hyperactivity of mesolimbic dopamine neurons may also play a role in
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aggression and hostile symptoms. t t t




Five Different Dopamine Pathways in the brain -- Answer ✔✔ -Nigrostriatal Dopamine
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Pathway
-Mesolimbic dopamine pathway t t

, -Mesocorticol dopamine pathway t t




-Tuberoinfundibular dopamine pathway t t t




-Thalamic dopamine pathway t t




Nigrostriatal pathway -- Answer ✔✔ Projects from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia
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or striatum.
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-Part of the extrapyramidal nervous system
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-Controls motor function and movement t t t t




-When dopamine is deficient, can cause parkinsonism with tremor, rigidity, and
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akinesia/bradykinesia
-Excess dopamine- can cause hyperkinetic movements, such as tics and dyskinesias
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Mesolimbic dopamine pathway -- Answer ✔✔ Projects from the midbrain ventral
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tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens (part of limbic system) where many behaviors
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such as pleasurable sensations, the powerful euphoria of drug abuse as well as delusions
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and hallucinations.
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Mesocortical pathway -- Answer ✔✔ Projects from the ventral tegmental area to the t t t t t t t t t t t t t




prefrontal cortex and is important for cognition t t t t t t




Tuberofundibular pathway -- Answer ✔✔ Projects from the hypothalamus to the anterior t t t t t t t t t t t t




pituitary gland and controls prolaction secretion
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Thalamic pathway -- Answer ✔✔ Arises from multiple sites.
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-Function not well known, may be involved in sleep and arousal mechanisms
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Major neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ -Dopamine
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-Glutamate

Dopamine and Schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ Major neurotransmitter in schizophrenia
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Some atypical psychotics block dopamine receptors
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Increased in schizophrenia t t




Glutamate and schizophrenia -- Answer ✔✔ Considered the "master switch" of the brain.
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Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter of the CNS as it can turn on nearly all
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of the CNS neurons
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