GEL 109 Exam 2 Questions and Correct Answers Already Passed
aphanitic texture - Answers fine grained
Assimilation - Answers interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
batholith - Answers A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
Bowen's Reaction Series - Answers the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals
crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point
Concordant - Answers harmonious, agreeing
Country Rock - Answers Any rock that was older than and intruded by an igneous body.
crystal settling - Answers The process whereby the minerals that crystallize at a high temperature in a
cooling magma move downward in the magma chamber because they are denser than the magma.
dike - Answers A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers
discordant - Answers (adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony, conflicting
felsic magma - Answers magma with a high silica content and large volume of gas (explosive eruptions)
hot spot - Answers An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
igneous rock - Answers a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
intermediate magma - Answers Magma with a silica content between 53% and 65% and an overall
composition intermediate between mafic and felsic magma
Laccolith - Answers A massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata
lava - Answers Magma that reaches Earth's surface
mafic magma - Answers magma that is silica poor, low viscosity, releases volatiles, high density, high
temperature
magma - Answers A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
magma chamber - Answers the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
magma mixing - Answers the process of altering the composition of a magma through the mixing of
material from another magma body
Magma Plume - Answers Mushroom shaped blob of Magma that rises in center of plates
phaneritic texture - Answers igneous rock texture in which minerals are easily visible without
magnification
, pluton - Answers a body of intrusive igneous rock.
plutonic - Answers An igneous rock that solidified at a considerable depth underground. (large crystal
size)
porphyritic texture - Answers An igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a
background of much smaller crystals.
pyroclastic texture - Answers An igneous rock texture resulting from the consolidation of individual rock
fragments that are ejected during a violent volcanic eruption.
pyroclastic material - Answers The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and
blocks
sill - Answers a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock
stock - Answers A share of ownership in a corporation.
Stoping - Answers A process by which magma intrudes; blocks of wall rock break off and then sink into
the magma.
Ultramafic magma - Answers Magma with a silica content of less than 45%.
vesicle - Answers A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell
Viscosity - Answers A liquid's resistance to flowing
volcanic neck - Answers A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe
volcanic pipe - Answers brings magma from magma chamber towards the surface
chemical weathering - Answers The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
differential weathering - Answers the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away
and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks behind
erosion - Answers Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e.
weathering, glaciation)
exfoliation dome - Answers large, dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, formed by
sheeting
Expansive soils - Answers Soils that tend to increase or decrease in volume with water content.
frost action - Answers breaks up rocks from repeated freezing and thawing of ice in cracks in rocks
Hydrolysis - Answers Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
aphanitic texture - Answers fine grained
Assimilation - Answers interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas
batholith - Answers A mass of rock formed when a large body of magma cools inside the crust
Bowen's Reaction Series - Answers the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals
crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point
Concordant - Answers harmonious, agreeing
Country Rock - Answers Any rock that was older than and intruded by an igneous body.
crystal settling - Answers The process whereby the minerals that crystallize at a high temperature in a
cooling magma move downward in the magma chamber because they are denser than the magma.
dike - Answers A slab of volcanic rock formed when magma forces itself across rock layers
discordant - Answers (adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring; lacking in harmony, conflicting
felsic magma - Answers magma with a high silica content and large volume of gas (explosive eruptions)
hot spot - Answers An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust above it
igneous rock - Answers a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
intermediate magma - Answers Magma with a silica content between 53% and 65% and an overall
composition intermediate between mafic and felsic magma
Laccolith - Answers A massive igneous body intruded between preexisting strata
lava - Answers Magma that reaches Earth's surface
mafic magma - Answers magma that is silica poor, low viscosity, releases volatiles, high density, high
temperature
magma - Answers A molten mixture of rock-forming substances, gases, and water from the mantle
magma chamber - Answers the pocket beneath a volcano where magma collects
magma mixing - Answers the process of altering the composition of a magma through the mixing of
material from another magma body
Magma Plume - Answers Mushroom shaped blob of Magma that rises in center of plates
phaneritic texture - Answers igneous rock texture in which minerals are easily visible without
magnification
, pluton - Answers a body of intrusive igneous rock.
plutonic - Answers An igneous rock that solidified at a considerable depth underground. (large crystal
size)
porphyritic texture - Answers An igneous rock texture in which large crystals are scattered on a
background of much smaller crystals.
pyroclastic texture - Answers An igneous rock texture resulting from the consolidation of individual rock
fragments that are ejected during a violent volcanic eruption.
pyroclastic material - Answers The volcanic rock ejected during an eruption, including ash, bombs, and
blocks
sill - Answers a slab of volcanic rock formed when magma squeezes between layers of rock
stock - Answers A share of ownership in a corporation.
Stoping - Answers A process by which magma intrudes; blocks of wall rock break off and then sink into
the magma.
Ultramafic magma - Answers Magma with a silica content of less than 45%.
vesicle - Answers A small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell
Viscosity - Answers A liquid's resistance to flowing
volcanic neck - Answers A deposit of hardened magma in a volcano's pipe
volcanic pipe - Answers brings magma from magma chamber towards the surface
chemical weathering - Answers The process that breaks down rock through chemical changes
differential weathering - Answers the process by which softer, less weather resistant rocks wear away
and leave harder, more weather resistant rocks behind
erosion - Answers Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e.
weathering, glaciation)
exfoliation dome - Answers large, dome-shaped structure, usually composed of granite, formed by
sheeting
Expansive soils - Answers Soils that tend to increase or decrease in volume with water content.
frost action - Answers breaks up rocks from repeated freezing and thawing of ice in cracks in rocks
Hydrolysis - Answers Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water
