ocean 100 sacramentogrilo exam 2
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
what makes up the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. 2 hydrogen (+) atoms,
attracts (-) atoms
2. 1 oxygen (-) atoms, attracts (+) atoms
what is the bond angle of the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - 105°
what's so peculiar about this molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - it's one of the few
molecules on earth present in 3 different ways: liquid, solid, & gas
what kind of bonds are in the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - covalent bonds
(sharing electrons between O & H atoms)
what kind of bonds connect all the water molecules together to form liquid? - CORRECT
ANSWER - hydrogen bonds
what do these bonds lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER - bind water molecules together;
cohesion - > surface tension
why is water a polar molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - b/c it has 1 side that is positively
charged & 1 side that is negatively charged
what do we call water as a result & why? - CORRECT ANSWER - a universal solvent b/c
it dissolves substances
what happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - CORRECT ANSWER - it dissolves; na (+) atoms
are attracted to o (-) atoms & cl (-) are attracted to h (+) atoms
,what are the 3 phases of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - ice (solid), water (liquid), vapor
(gas)
how does 1 phase get changed to another? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. water - > ice (heat
is removed)
2. ice - > water (heat is added)
3. water - > gas (heat is added)
what is heat capacity? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C
what is the heat capacity of water? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - high heat capacity b/c
water molecules don't want to change (thermal inertia)
what is the heat capacity of sand? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - low heat capacity b/c it
takes little energy to raise its temperature
how do the thermal properties of water influence coastal climates? - CORRECT
ANSWER - oceans moderate the coastal climate (winter & summer have similar
temperatures & are moderate); inland (winters & summers differ extremely b/c there is no ocean)
how does salinity & temperature affect density? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. as salinity
increases, density increases
2. as temperature decreases, density increases
what is density? - CORRECT ANSWER - mass per unit volume (g/cm3)
what happens to cold, salty water? - CORRECT ANSWER - thermal contraction
(molecules lose energy & slow down & occupy less space)
, what happens to warm, brackish water? - CORRECT ANSWER - thermal expansion
(molecules gain energy & speed up & occupy more space)
what does water do at the poles? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - contracts b/c it is cold,
sinks b/c it is cold, salty, & dense
what does water do at the equator? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - expands b/c it is hot,
rises b/c it is warm & less dense
what is the temperature of the maximum density of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4°C
(1g/cm3)
how does the density of water change with freezing? - CORRECT ANSWER - density
increases but later becomes less dense after reaching a max temperature of 4°C
why does ice float on water? - CORRECT ANSWER - b/c it is less dense (there is more
space between its molecules)
what is salinity? - CORRECT ANSWER - total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water
what is the average salinity in the world's oceans? - CORRECT ANSWER - 3.5% (35 parts
per thousand)
what are the most abundant salt ions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. chloride
2. sodium
what is the surface salinity like at the equator? - CORRECT ANSWER - salinity is in the
middle (high evaporation & high precipitation)
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
what makes up the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. 2 hydrogen (+) atoms,
attracts (-) atoms
2. 1 oxygen (-) atoms, attracts (+) atoms
what is the bond angle of the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - 105°
what's so peculiar about this molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - it's one of the few
molecules on earth present in 3 different ways: liquid, solid, & gas
what kind of bonds are in the water molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - covalent bonds
(sharing electrons between O & H atoms)
what kind of bonds connect all the water molecules together to form liquid? - CORRECT
ANSWER - hydrogen bonds
what do these bonds lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER - bind water molecules together;
cohesion - > surface tension
why is water a polar molecule? - CORRECT ANSWER - b/c it has 1 side that is positively
charged & 1 side that is negatively charged
what do we call water as a result & why? - CORRECT ANSWER - a universal solvent b/c
it dissolves substances
what happens to salt (NaCl) in water? - CORRECT ANSWER - it dissolves; na (+) atoms
are attracted to o (-) atoms & cl (-) are attracted to h (+) atoms
,what are the 3 phases of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - ice (solid), water (liquid), vapor
(gas)
how does 1 phase get changed to another? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. water - > ice (heat
is removed)
2. ice - > water (heat is added)
3. water - > gas (heat is added)
what is heat capacity? - CORRECT ANSWER - amount of heat required to raise the
temperature of 1g of a substance by 1°C
what is the heat capacity of water? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - high heat capacity b/c
water molecules don't want to change (thermal inertia)
what is the heat capacity of sand? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - low heat capacity b/c it
takes little energy to raise its temperature
how do the thermal properties of water influence coastal climates? - CORRECT
ANSWER - oceans moderate the coastal climate (winter & summer have similar
temperatures & are moderate); inland (winters & summers differ extremely b/c there is no ocean)
how does salinity & temperature affect density? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. as salinity
increases, density increases
2. as temperature decreases, density increases
what is density? - CORRECT ANSWER - mass per unit volume (g/cm3)
what happens to cold, salty water? - CORRECT ANSWER - thermal contraction
(molecules lose energy & slow down & occupy less space)
, what happens to warm, brackish water? - CORRECT ANSWER - thermal expansion
(molecules gain energy & speed up & occupy more space)
what does water do at the poles? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - contracts b/c it is cold,
sinks b/c it is cold, salty, & dense
what does water do at the equator? why? - CORRECT ANSWER - expands b/c it is hot,
rises b/c it is warm & less dense
what is the temperature of the maximum density of water? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4°C
(1g/cm3)
how does the density of water change with freezing? - CORRECT ANSWER - density
increases but later becomes less dense after reaching a max temperature of 4°C
why does ice float on water? - CORRECT ANSWER - b/c it is less dense (there is more
space between its molecules)
what is salinity? - CORRECT ANSWER - total amount of dissolved solids (ions) in water
what is the average salinity in the world's oceans? - CORRECT ANSWER - 3.5% (35 parts
per thousand)
what are the most abundant salt ions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. chloride
2. sodium
what is the surface salinity like at the equator? - CORRECT ANSWER - salinity is in the
middle (high evaporation & high precipitation)
