Understanding Pharmacology Essentials for Medication Safety - Midterm
1. Thyroid Horomone Agonist Drug Side Effrcts: Few side effects, usually only
occurs when there is an overdose-symptoms of hyperthyroudism
2. Thyroid Horomone Agonists: Drugs that mimic the effect of thyroid
horomones T3 and T4, helping to regulate metabolism.
3. Signs And Symptoms of Hypothyroidism: Slow heart rate, respitory rate,
and speaks slowly. Thickened, waxy-feeling skin, weight gain, thinks slowly,
edema of the face, lethargic, thinks slowly.
4. Hypothyroidism in Children: Excess facial and body hair, mental retardation,
poor eater, protruding tongue, short stature, sleeps excessively.
5. Goiter: Distinct swelling in the neck. can be present with both underactive and
over active thyroid.
6. Myxedema: Severe type of hypothyroidism, and requires immediate medical
attention.
7. Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism, or the
energy use of each cell and the amount of work performed in the body.
8. Thyroid Gland: Endocrine gland located in the front of the neck just below the
Adam's apple. It produces 2 horomones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
9. Aldosterone: Mineral corticoid horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex that
regulates sodium and water balance.
10. Corticosteroids: Drugs similar to natural cortisol.
11. Cortisol: Horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex, that is essential for life.
12. Adverse Effects - Thyroid horomone agonists: Increased activity of the
cardiac and nervous systems. Cardiac - can overwork the heart, and lead to
angina pain, a heart attack, and heart failure. Nervous - can lead to seizures.
(can occur in patient taking high doses, more likely in some w/seizures).
Enhances the action of anticoagulants.
13. Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism: Diarrhea, insomnia, heartbeat
irregularities, tachy, weight loss.
14. Side Effects - Thyroid Suppressing Drugs: Rash, nausea, headache,
muscle aches, loss of taste sensation, swelling of feet and ankles, lymph node
enlargement.
15. Adverse Effects - Thyroid-suppressing: Bone marrow suppresion
(decreases amt. of blood cells) more prone to infrction, increased risk of
anemia. Hepatotoxic, Kidney damage (less often), enhance the action of
anticoagulants.
16. Common Thyroid-Suppressing Drugs: Methimazole is 10x stronger than
propylthiouracil.
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, .
17. Effects of Thyroid Suppressing drugs: Usually not seen until 3 to 4 weeks
after they have been taken daily.
18. Preg&Lac - Thyroid suppressing drugs: should not be given to women who
are pregnant of breastfeeding. High likelihood of birth defects and fetal
damage. 19 Adrenal Glands: Small triangular-shaped endocrine glands that
sit on top of the kidneys. 2 Layers: Cortex-thick outer layer Medulla-Inner
layer.
20. Cortex of the Adrenal Glands: Secrets 2 steroid horomones,
Cortisol(glucocorticoid) Aldosterone
21. Cortisol helps to regulate: Body's response to stress Carb, protein, and fat
metabolism. Immune Function Emotional stability Sodium and water balance
Normal excitability of heart muscle cells.
22. Adrenal Gland Hypofunction: Greatly reduced secretion of cortisol and
aldosterone. Hypoglycemia, salt craving, muscle weakness, hypotension, fatigue,
low serum sodium levels, high serum potassium levels.
23. Prednisone: Correct cortisol deficiency or absence.
24. Fludrocortisone (Florinef): Restore sodium and potassium balance. This
drug acts similar to aldosterone, results in greater reabsirotion of sodium
w/Increased excretion of potassium. Safety not established in children.
25. Side Effects - Fludrocortisone: Hypertension, Edema, Hypernatremia,
Hypokalemia.
26. Adverse Effects - Fludrocortisone: Congestive heart failure (CHF), -if CHF
occurs drug is reduced/stopped.
27. Teach - Fludrocortisone: Take at same time daily w/food, weight yourself
daily/keep record, report weight gain of 2+ lbs/day or 3+ lbs/week.
28. Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction: Cortisol excreted excessively -
Hypercortisolism or Cushing's disease. /or Aldosterone is excessively excreted
- Hyperaldosteronism. (excretion of both is rare)
29. Common Adrenal Suppressing Drugs: Mitotane and Mifepristone
30. Mifepristone (Korlym): Blocks corticosteroid receptors, which inhibits the
action of cortisol. Only approved for people w/ Type 2 diabetes, and
hyperglycemia w/ Hypercortisolism.
31. Mitotane (Lysodren): Directly inhibits the adrenal gland production of cortisol.
32. Side Effects - Adrenal horomone suppressing drugs: Nausea, skin rash,
dizziness. Mitotane-Bloody urine (hematuria). Mifepristone-Many side effects, incl.
menstrual irregularities.
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1. Thyroid Horomone Agonist Drug Side Effrcts: Few side effects, usually only
occurs when there is an overdose-symptoms of hyperthyroudism
2. Thyroid Horomone Agonists: Drugs that mimic the effect of thyroid
horomones T3 and T4, helping to regulate metabolism.
3. Signs And Symptoms of Hypothyroidism: Slow heart rate, respitory rate,
and speaks slowly. Thickened, waxy-feeling skin, weight gain, thinks slowly,
edema of the face, lethargic, thinks slowly.
4. Hypothyroidism in Children: Excess facial and body hair, mental retardation,
poor eater, protruding tongue, short stature, sleeps excessively.
5. Goiter: Distinct swelling in the neck. can be present with both underactive and
over active thyroid.
6. Myxedema: Severe type of hypothyroidism, and requires immediate medical
attention.
7. Metabolism: All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism, or the
energy use of each cell and the amount of work performed in the body.
8. Thyroid Gland: Endocrine gland located in the front of the neck just below the
Adam's apple. It produces 2 horomones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
9. Aldosterone: Mineral corticoid horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex that
regulates sodium and water balance.
10. Corticosteroids: Drugs similar to natural cortisol.
11. Cortisol: Horomone secreted by the adrenal cortex, that is essential for life.
12. Adverse Effects - Thyroid horomone agonists: Increased activity of the
cardiac and nervous systems. Cardiac - can overwork the heart, and lead to
angina pain, a heart attack, and heart failure. Nervous - can lead to seizures.
(can occur in patient taking high doses, more likely in some w/seizures).
Enhances the action of anticoagulants.
13. Signs and Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism: Diarrhea, insomnia, heartbeat
irregularities, tachy, weight loss.
14. Side Effects - Thyroid Suppressing Drugs: Rash, nausea, headache,
muscle aches, loss of taste sensation, swelling of feet and ankles, lymph node
enlargement.
15. Adverse Effects - Thyroid-suppressing: Bone marrow suppresion
(decreases amt. of blood cells) more prone to infrction, increased risk of
anemia. Hepatotoxic, Kidney damage (less often), enhance the action of
anticoagulants.
16. Common Thyroid-Suppressing Drugs: Methimazole is 10x stronger than
propylthiouracil.
1/6
, .
17. Effects of Thyroid Suppressing drugs: Usually not seen until 3 to 4 weeks
after they have been taken daily.
18. Preg&Lac - Thyroid suppressing drugs: should not be given to women who
are pregnant of breastfeeding. High likelihood of birth defects and fetal
damage. 19 Adrenal Glands: Small triangular-shaped endocrine glands that
sit on top of the kidneys. 2 Layers: Cortex-thick outer layer Medulla-Inner
layer.
20. Cortex of the Adrenal Glands: Secrets 2 steroid horomones,
Cortisol(glucocorticoid) Aldosterone
21. Cortisol helps to regulate: Body's response to stress Carb, protein, and fat
metabolism. Immune Function Emotional stability Sodium and water balance
Normal excitability of heart muscle cells.
22. Adrenal Gland Hypofunction: Greatly reduced secretion of cortisol and
aldosterone. Hypoglycemia, salt craving, muscle weakness, hypotension, fatigue,
low serum sodium levels, high serum potassium levels.
23. Prednisone: Correct cortisol deficiency or absence.
24. Fludrocortisone (Florinef): Restore sodium and potassium balance. This
drug acts similar to aldosterone, results in greater reabsirotion of sodium
w/Increased excretion of potassium. Safety not established in children.
25. Side Effects - Fludrocortisone: Hypertension, Edema, Hypernatremia,
Hypokalemia.
26. Adverse Effects - Fludrocortisone: Congestive heart failure (CHF), -if CHF
occurs drug is reduced/stopped.
27. Teach - Fludrocortisone: Take at same time daily w/food, weight yourself
daily/keep record, report weight gain of 2+ lbs/day or 3+ lbs/week.
28. Adrenal Gland Hyperfunction: Cortisol excreted excessively -
Hypercortisolism or Cushing's disease. /or Aldosterone is excessively excreted
- Hyperaldosteronism. (excretion of both is rare)
29. Common Adrenal Suppressing Drugs: Mitotane and Mifepristone
30. Mifepristone (Korlym): Blocks corticosteroid receptors, which inhibits the
action of cortisol. Only approved for people w/ Type 2 diabetes, and
hyperglycemia w/ Hypercortisolism.
31. Mitotane (Lysodren): Directly inhibits the adrenal gland production of cortisol.
32. Side Effects - Adrenal horomone suppressing drugs: Nausea, skin rash,
dizziness. Mitotane-Bloody urine (hematuria). Mifepristone-Many side effects, incl.
menstrual irregularities.
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