PA (ASCP) CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025

PA (ASCP) CERTIFICATION EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
Hypertrophys-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Increasedscellsandsorganssize,softensinsresponsestosincreasedsworkload:sinducedsbysmechanicalsstresssandsb
ysgrowthsfactors;soccurssinstissuesincapablesofscellsdivision



Hyperplasias-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Increasedscellsnumberssinsresponsestoshormonessandsothersgrowthsfactors;soccurssinstissuesswhosescellssar
esablestosdivide



Atrophys-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Decreasedscellsandsorganssize,sassasresultsofsdecreasedsnutrientssupplysorsdisuse:sassociatedswithsdecrease
dssynthesissandsincreasedsproteolyticsbreakdownsofscellularsorganelles



Metaplasias-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Changesinsphenotypesofsdifferentiatedscells,softensasresponsestoschronicsirritationsthatsmakesscellssbettersa
blestoswithstandsthesstress



Hypoxias-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Oxygensdeficiencyswhichsinterferesswithsaerobicsoxidativesrespirationssandsissansextremelysimportantsandsc
ommonscausesofscellsinjurysandsdeath



Ischemics-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Losssofsbloodssupplysinsastissuesduestosimpededsarterialsflowsorsreducedsvenoussdrainage



Coagulativesnecrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asformsofstissuesnecrosissinswhichsthescomponentscellssaresdeadsbutsthesbasicstissuesarchitecturesisspreserv
edsforsatsleastsseveralsdays



Liquefactivesnecrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asformsofsnecrosissseensinsfocalsbacterialsorsoccasionallysfungalsinfectionssbecausesmicrobessstimulatesthes
accumulationsofsinflammatoryscellssandsthesenzymessofsleukocytessdigeststhestissue

,Caseoussnecrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asformsofsnecrosissencounteredsmostsoftensinsfocisofstuberculoussinfections



Fatsnecrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Termsreferringstosfocalsareassofsfatsdestruction,stypicallysresultingsfromsreleasesofsactivatedspancreaticslipas
essintosthesperitonealscavity



Fibrinoussnecrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asspecialsformsofsnecrosissusuallysseensinsimmunesreactionssinvolvingsbloodsvessels



Autophagys-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Lysosomalsdigestionsofsthescell'ssownscomponents



Apoptosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Aspathwaysofscellsdeathsthatsissinducedsbysastightlysregulatedssuicidesprogramsinswhichsthescellssdestinedstos
diesactivatesenzymesscapablesofsdegradingsthescellssownsnuclearsDNA



Steatosiss(fattyschange)s-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
RefersstosanysabnormalsaccumulationsofstriglyceridesswithinsparenchymalscellssItsissmostsoftensseensinsthesli
ver



Dystrophicscalcifications-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Depositionssofscalciumsatssitessofscellsinjurysandsnecrosis



Metastaticscalcifications-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Depositionsofscalciumsinsnormalstissues,scausedsbyshypercalcemias(usuallysasconsequencesofsparathyroidsh
ormonesexcess)



Inflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asprotectivesresponsesintendedstoseliminatesthesinitialscausesofscellsinjurysasswellsassthesnecroticscellssandsti
ssuessresultingsfromsthesoriginalsinsult



Acutesinflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asrapidsresponsestosinjurysorsmicrobessandsothersforeignssubstancesthatsissdesignedstosdeliversleukocytessa
ndsplasmasproteinsstossitessofsinjury

,Seroussinflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Fluidsinsasserousscavity



Seroussinflammationsissmarkedsbysfluidstransudates,sreflectingsmoderatelysincreasedsvascularspermeability
.sSuchsaccumulationssinsthesperitoneal,spleural,sandspericardialscavitiessarescalledseffusions;



Effusions-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Fluidsinsasserousscavitys,



Fibrinoussinflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Inflammationsoccurringsassasconsequencesofsmoresseveresinjuries,sresultingsinsgreatersvascularspermeabilit
ysthatsallowsslargesmoleculess(suchsassfibrinogen)stospasssthesendothelialsbarrier



Abscesss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Focalscollectionssofspussthatsmaysbescausedsbysseedingsofspyogenicsorganismssintosastissuesorsbyssecondarys
infectionssofsnecroticsfoci



Ulcers-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Aslocalsdefectsorsexcavationsofsthessurfacesofsansorgansorstissuesthatsissproducedsbysnecrosissofscellssandsslo
ughingsofsinflammatorysnecroticstissue



Cytokiness-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Polypeptidesproductssofsmanyscellstypessthatsfunctionsassmediatorssofsinflammationsandsimmunesresponse
s



Chronicsinflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Prolongedsinflammationsinswhichsactivesinflammation,stissuesinjury,sandshealingsproceedssimultaneously



Granulomatoussinflammations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asdistinctivespatternsofschronicsinflammationscharacterizedsbysaggregatessofsactivatedsmacrophagessthatsa
ssumesansepithelioidsappearance



Repairs-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Thesrestorationsofstissuesarchitecturesandsfunctionsaftersansinjury

, Regenerations-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Thesprocesssofsreplacingsdamagedstissuescomponentssandsessentiallysreturningstosasnormalsstate



Fibrosiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Thesextensivesdepositionsofscollagensthatsoccurssinstheslungs,sliver,skidneysandsothersorganssassasconsequen
cesofschronicsinflammation



Angiogenesiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Ascriticalsprocesssinshealingsatssitessofsischemiaswheresaspreexistingsvesselssendssoutscapillaryssproutsstospr
oducesnewsvessels



Keloids-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Asprominentsraisedsscarscausedsbysthesaccumulationsofsexuberantsamountssofscollagen



Edemas-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Significantsincreasedsfluidsinsthesinterstitialstissuesspaces



Anasarcas-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Severesandsgeneralizedsedemaswithsprofoundssubcutaneousstissuesswelling



Hyperemias-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Aslocalsincreasesinsbloodsvolumesthatsissansactivesprocesssfromsaugmentedsbloodsflowsduestosarteriolarsdila
tion



Congestions-sCORRECTsANSWERs-
Aslocalsincreasesinsbloodsvolumesthatsissaspassivesprocesssresultingsfromsimpairedsvenoussreturnsoutsofsastis
sue



Hematomas-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Thesaccumulationsofsbloodsconfinedswithinsastissuesaftersashemorrhage



Normalshemostasiss-sCORRECTsANSWERs-Astightlysregulatedsprocesssthatsmaintainssbloodsinsasfluid,sclot-
freesstatesinsnormalsvesselsswhilesinducingsthesrapidsformationsofsaslocalizedshemostaticsplugsatsthessitesofs
vascularsinjury