PLCY 110 UNC FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH LATEST &
UPDATED SCORE.
Anthropogenic global warming -- Answer ✔✔ - caused by human
activity:
- a layer of greenhouse gases- primarily water vapor, including much
smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide- acts
as a thermal blanket for the earth, absorbing heat and warming the
surface to a life supporting average to 59 degrees F
- The idea that man is causing the earth to undergo a rapid rise in
temperature
Asymmetric distribution of costs -- Answer ✔✔ the costs are spread
and not all places are impacted the same
ex. island nations are very negatively affected by global warming while
US does not really care because it does not get affected as much (and
is affluent enough to deal with the costs)
Asylum seeker/ asylee -- Answer ✔✔ already in country that they want
to seek refugee status
unable or unwilling to return to own country because of a well-founded
fear of persecution/
Cap and Trade -- Answer ✔✔ lets the market find the cheapest way to
cut emissions
-emission allowances
- Mechanism to reduce the emission of pollutants by establishing a
market for emission permits.
,Carbon pricing -- Answer ✔✔ the method favored by many economists
for reducing global-warming emissions — charges those who emit
carbon dioxide (CO2) for their emissions. That charge, called a carbon
price, is the amount that must be paid for the right to emit one tonne
of CO2 into the atmosphere.
- The term used for putting a price on carbon This means that the
prices of goods, services and activities should reflect their real costs,
including the costs they impose on others through the damages that
they cause. y ensuring that the prices of fossil fuels reflect their true
costs, policymakers help markets to operate more effectively. Carbon
pricing is a pro-market action, and those who oppose it are anti-
markets; appropriate levels of carbon pricing will vary across countries.
For instance, in lower-income countries carbon prices may be lower
than the ranges identified by our report, partly because
complementary actions may be less costly and the distributional and
ethical issues may be more complex; . As countries raise the ambition
of their nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement,
and implement them, we will see more carbon pricing schemes
introduced.
Chapter VII of the UN Charter -- Answer ✔✔ - allows security council to
determine the existence of any threat to peace, preach of peace, or act
of aggression and take military and nonmilitary action to restore
international peace and security
- article 43: all members of the UN under to make available to the
security council, and decide what action needs to be taken and calls on
members states to donate troops
Climate consensus -- Answer ✔✔ extremely high among experts over
95%
people think the correct percentage of experts agree climate change is
real is very low plate tectonics theory is a hoax It's most accurate to
say that 97% of relevant peer-reviewed studies agree that humans are
causing global warming, 99.9% of climate papers don't reject that
theory, and those who deny the overwhelming consensus are peddling
misinformation.
, Collective action -- Answer ✔✔ when there is little incentive to take
actions against a problem because the cost alone is too much to bear
and benefits would be hard to achieve
instead of _______, privileged group is forced to pay the costs of
everyone because everyone else does not have the means to/less of
an incentive to pay for stuff that is collectively good for everyone
-individual costs concentrated
- public benefits diffuse
- individual actions have (relatively) little effect
- An action taken by a group of like-minded individuals to achieve a
common goal.
Common pool resources -- Answer ✔✔ non-excludable but rival
if we act selfishly we might not leave anything for anyone else and
might run out of it or make it much worse
ex. fish in the ocean- forest and land
- seas and fisheries
- biodiversity (animals and plants
- ozone layer
-fresh water
- climate
- Goods that cannot be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not
feasible.
Comparative advantage -- Answer ✔✔ By specializing in goods it can
produce for a lower opportunity cost & trading with other countries,
they can increase income (both countries will benefit)
- The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than
another country can.
QUESTIONS WITH LATEST &
UPDATED SCORE.
Anthropogenic global warming -- Answer ✔✔ - caused by human
activity:
- a layer of greenhouse gases- primarily water vapor, including much
smaller amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide- acts
as a thermal blanket for the earth, absorbing heat and warming the
surface to a life supporting average to 59 degrees F
- The idea that man is causing the earth to undergo a rapid rise in
temperature
Asymmetric distribution of costs -- Answer ✔✔ the costs are spread
and not all places are impacted the same
ex. island nations are very negatively affected by global warming while
US does not really care because it does not get affected as much (and
is affluent enough to deal with the costs)
Asylum seeker/ asylee -- Answer ✔✔ already in country that they want
to seek refugee status
unable or unwilling to return to own country because of a well-founded
fear of persecution/
Cap and Trade -- Answer ✔✔ lets the market find the cheapest way to
cut emissions
-emission allowances
- Mechanism to reduce the emission of pollutants by establishing a
market for emission permits.
,Carbon pricing -- Answer ✔✔ the method favored by many economists
for reducing global-warming emissions — charges those who emit
carbon dioxide (CO2) for their emissions. That charge, called a carbon
price, is the amount that must be paid for the right to emit one tonne
of CO2 into the atmosphere.
- The term used for putting a price on carbon This means that the
prices of goods, services and activities should reflect their real costs,
including the costs they impose on others through the damages that
they cause. y ensuring that the prices of fossil fuels reflect their true
costs, policymakers help markets to operate more effectively. Carbon
pricing is a pro-market action, and those who oppose it are anti-
markets; appropriate levels of carbon pricing will vary across countries.
For instance, in lower-income countries carbon prices may be lower
than the ranges identified by our report, partly because
complementary actions may be less costly and the distributional and
ethical issues may be more complex; . As countries raise the ambition
of their nationally determined contributions to the Paris Agreement,
and implement them, we will see more carbon pricing schemes
introduced.
Chapter VII of the UN Charter -- Answer ✔✔ - allows security council to
determine the existence of any threat to peace, preach of peace, or act
of aggression and take military and nonmilitary action to restore
international peace and security
- article 43: all members of the UN under to make available to the
security council, and decide what action needs to be taken and calls on
members states to donate troops
Climate consensus -- Answer ✔✔ extremely high among experts over
95%
people think the correct percentage of experts agree climate change is
real is very low plate tectonics theory is a hoax It's most accurate to
say that 97% of relevant peer-reviewed studies agree that humans are
causing global warming, 99.9% of climate papers don't reject that
theory, and those who deny the overwhelming consensus are peddling
misinformation.
, Collective action -- Answer ✔✔ when there is little incentive to take
actions against a problem because the cost alone is too much to bear
and benefits would be hard to achieve
instead of _______, privileged group is forced to pay the costs of
everyone because everyone else does not have the means to/less of
an incentive to pay for stuff that is collectively good for everyone
-individual costs concentrated
- public benefits diffuse
- individual actions have (relatively) little effect
- An action taken by a group of like-minded individuals to achieve a
common goal.
Common pool resources -- Answer ✔✔ non-excludable but rival
if we act selfishly we might not leave anything for anyone else and
might run out of it or make it much worse
ex. fish in the ocean- forest and land
- seas and fisheries
- biodiversity (animals and plants
- ozone layer
-fresh water
- climate
- Goods that cannot be jointly consumed and for which exclusion is not
feasible.
Comparative advantage -- Answer ✔✔ By specializing in goods it can
produce for a lower opportunity cost & trading with other countries,
they can increase income (both countries will benefit)
- The ability of a country to produce a good at a lower cost than
another country can.
